Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Network Security - Essay Example In order to prevent such attacks in the future the following measures should be thoroughly applied. The employs should be enforced with strict regulation when it comes to dealing with spam mail. The employees should be educated on how to avoid suspicious emails (Minimizing the impact of the RSA SecurID breach, 2011). Security monitoring technologies should be used to monitor changes in user privileges and also add manual approvals to critical infrastructure and software (Minimizing the impact of the RSA SecurID breach, 2011). Also the infrastructure hosting critical software should be hardened and they should be monitored closely for remote and physical access. Help desks activities and any other activities that may result in information leakage should also be examined (Minimizing the impact of the RSA SecurID breach, 2011). Since the attack has taken place recently the full damage is too early to be predicted. According to RSA’s FAQ for the customers the threat of direct attack to the customers have been denied since the information stolen is useless, without the information held by individual customers (Inc.). Because of that RSA is confident there no immediate reason to call back any products. The local user should apply them selves with strict rules handling any type of spam mail or downloading attachments from unknown sources. Also they should avoid sharing their important credentials (usernames, passwords) with strangers. Even though the company effort and training to avoid spam based attack has not paid off. It is a good lesson to everyone (Litan, 2011). By utilizing the thousands of computers in DC++ file sharing service network this DoS have been launched against 40 companies over the last three months (Reimer, 2007). If such attack is launched using a single computer the attacker is easy traceable. So overcoming this barrier, using DC++ network’s

Causes of corruption & its remedies Essay Example for Free

Causes of corruption its remedies Essay An act done with intent to give some advantage inconsistent with official duty and the rights of others. It includes bribery, but is more comprehensive; because an act may be corruptly done, though the advantage to be derived from it be not offered by another. Sometimes corruption is understood as something against law; such as, a contract by which the borrower agreed to pay the lender usurious interest. It is said, in such case, that it was corruptly agreed, etc. CAUSES OF CORRUPTION: The causes of corruption are many and complex. Following are some of the causes of corruption.  µ Emergence of political elite who believe in interest-oriented rather than nation-oriented programmes and policies.  µ Artificial scarcity created by the people with malevolent intentions wrecks the fabric of the economy.  µ Corruption is caused as well as increased because of the change in the value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. The old ideals of morality, service and honesty are regarded as an achronistic.  µ Tolerance of people towards corruption, complete lack of intense public outcry against corruption and the absence of strong public forum to oppose corruption allow corruption to reign over people.  µ Vast size of population coupled with widespread illiteracy and the poor economic infrastructure lead to endemic corruption in public life.  µ In a highly inflationary economy, low salaries of government officials compel them to resort to the road of corruption. Graduates from IIMs with no experience draw a far handsome salary than what government secretaries draw.  µ Complex laws and procedures alienate common people to ask for any help from government.  µ Election time is a time when corruption is at its peak level. Big industrialist fund politicians to meet high cost of election and ultimately to seek personal favour. Bribery to politicians buys influence, and bribery by politicians buys votes. In order to get elected, politicians bribe poor illiterate people, who are slogging for two times’ meal. REMEDIES OF CORRUPTION Is it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian must strive to cure. Many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth. Many People become materialistic and money oriented, there is no important of ethics and morals in business dealings. Many people thinking that money which coming to their pocket is good, same way many thinking that money which going out from their pocket is bad, but they don’t consider the way money traveling. This is because these kinds of people have no moral accountability to anybody; and these kind have people have full trust on money, they strongly believing that money can hold big role in their life, they believing that money can solve their current and future problems, they believing that money can give them life without problems. Some of the remedies are given below:  µ What can be remedy of corruption? It can be only possible if people can understand and start to believe the values of ethics and morality in their life. People will start to believe that their life is accountable if they really start to believe in GOD, in oneness of GOD and if they really start to live life on the way which GOD has chosen for mankind. GOD has given the wisdom to each and every human being, heart of everyone telling him/her that the way he/she following to get money is good/bad. The most important thing is person should listen and follow the good part of his heart.  µ Foolproof laws should be made so that there is no room for discretion for politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. Application of the evolved policies should be left in the hands of independent commission or authority in each area of public interest. Decision of the commission or authority should be challengeable only in the courts.  µ Cooperation of the people has to be obtained for successfully containing corruption. People should have a right to recall the elected representatives if they see them becoming indifferent to the electorate.  µ Funding of elections is at the core of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. Several reforms like: State funding of election expenses for candidates; strict enforcement of statutory requirements like holding in-party elections, making political parties get their accounts audited regularly and filing income-tax returns; denying persons with criminal records a chance to contest elections, should be brought in.  µ Responsiveness, accountability and transparency are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the backbone of good governance, should be made more citizen friendly, accountable, ethical and transparent.  µ More and more courts should be opened for speedy inexpensive justice so that cases don’t linger in courts for years and justice is delivered on time.  µ Local bodies, Independent of the government, like Lokpals, Lokadalats, CVCs and Vigilance Commissions should be formed to provide speedy justice with low expenses.  µ A new Fundamental Right viz. Right to Information should be introduced, which will empower the citizens to ask for the information they want. Barring some confidential information, which concerns national and international security, other information should be made available to general public as and when required. Stringent actions against corrupt officials will certainly have a deterrent impact. CONCLUSION Corruption is an intractable problem. It is like diabetes, can only be controlled, but not totally eliminated. It may not be possible to root out corruption completely at all levels but it is possible to contain it within tolerable limits. Honest and dedicated persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important prescriptions to combat corruption. Corruption has a corrosive impact on our economy. It worsens our image in international market and leads to loss of overseas opportunities. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world have to confront, solutions, however, can only be home grown. I used the sentence â€Å"we the common man are the solution† because we are the only reason why corruption is so popular in INDIA. We are the persons who are motivating corruption to be successful. We support corruption that is why it exits. Since we are the only person who elects ministers that are supporting corruption in INDIA. Common citizen of INDIA let us start working from now onwards with common goal of removing corruption from INDIA. Think the day when we will achieve our goal and whole world will say â€Å"INDIA IS AN DEVELOPED COUNTRY.

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Educating Philosophy Essays

Teaching Philosophy God I love music. I love everything about music. I love playing music, singing music, dancing to music. Most of all, I love listening to music. Have you ever listened to music? I mean really, really listened? I love when you hear a song for the first time and it sends chills up your spine. I love even more when you hear a song for the hundredth time and it suddenly gives you chills like never before. But there are two ways of listening to music. You can hear a song as one whole entity and have it make you feel so good that you want to repeat it thousands of times. Or you can hear each part of a song for what it’s worth; the lyrics, the melody, the solo, the bass line, etc., and appreciate the integration of each one for the purpose of creating one final product. Teaching is like music. It’s made up of all these intricate pieces that merge together to create a final product; the learning experience of a student. When a child learns something new, he feels great; he wants to repeat it thousands of times. As a teacher, you can step back and appreciate everything you did to help that child learn: the lesson plans, the activities, the rules of the classroom, the parent meetings, the grading, the workshops, etc. The list is endless because teachers are constantly adding on to it, discovering new ways to reach their students and to create the best atmosphere for learning. That’s what teaching is all about; creating the most conducive environment for all students to be able to learn. When students receive great teaching, they sing, dance, play and listen to the music of the teacher. My life has kind of set me up for the teaching profession in ways I never realized... ...thing new, and in doing so, feel great about themselves and what they have accomplished. My classroom will be a safe and comfortable place for all students, no matter the race, gender, social class or disability. The students I teach will learn to respect their teacher, themselves, and each other and will learn to help strengthen the learning experience of their peers whenever possible. As I said before, my objective is to teach students how to learn subject matter, therefore their successes will extend much further than my classroom. As teachers we must realize our influence exceeds the boundaries of our class and we must take on roles that aren’t generally defined in our job description. Teaching is like music, consisting of a combination of various parts that in the end should put smiles on the faces or send chills up the spines of those who experience it.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers fc

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Crime is a part of our lives, it is everywhere! Controlling or eliminating crime and criminals is no easy task but it can not be ignored. Making sure those that are rightly accused to a just punishment is very important. There are many reasons why people commit crimes; some do it for the shear of enjoyment others do it to be able to survive. The death penalty should not be used for every crime, although I strongly believe it should be used for those who commit very violent crimes, such as murder. Deterrence is the means to punish those who commit crimes as an example and to create fear in others who might want to commit a crime. The death penalty is one way we use to create fear! Most people fear death one way or another. Ernest van den Hagg, in his article â€Å"On Deterrence and the Death Penalty† mentions, â€Å"One abstains from dangerous acts because of vague, inchoate, habitual and, above all preconscious fears† (193). Without this type of deterrence what would stop criminals that already in prisons for life keep from killing another inmate or a staff that works there? There are those that are against the death penalty called anti-death penalty advocates, they say that imprisonment by it self is enough to deter criminals, killing criminals is not needed! Hugo Bedau argues in his article, â€Å"Capital Punishment and Social defense† says, â€Å"Crimes can be deterred only by making would-be criminals frightened of being arrested, convicted, and puni shed for crimes† (301). According to Richard Seiter in his book â€Å"An Introduction Corrections† states that â€Å"From 1986 to 1997 the number of males that went to prison increased 70% while the number of females increased 118%† (210). It seems that just going to prison isn’t enough for some people. Without the death penalty insane people would kill others thinking they could get away with it and if not what’s the worst going to happened to them â€Å"Prison for life†! One could argue that the death penalty probably has saved someone’s life because it deterred someone from committing that act! Still anti-death penalty advocates believe that the death penalty is irreversible and that some people who really weren’t guilty are sentenced to death. Yes the death penalty is irreversible but the chance that an innocent person gets sentenced to death is extremely low. The judicial system goes threw extreme measures to insure this doesn’t happened! They do this by making sure that only when guilt is determined by clear and convincing evidenced be punished.

BB&T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement

1. BB&T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement is considered an exemplary Mission Statement. Please read it and comment on the positives of this statement and defend your answer. I agree that BB&T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement can be used as an exemplary Mission Statement as it is well-organized and very informative. Firstly, this statement provides both theoretical and practical application – the example of Nicor Inc. mission statement is provided to illustrate how mission statements looks like and a theoretical explanation ensures deeper understanding of the subject.One more positive is that the paper outlines the importance of mission statement. It is argued that mission statement is business philosophy emphasizing the market, product and customer area and, thus, companies won’t ignore this moment. Further, mission statement outlines the most important questions about the goals and objectives directing and guiding in such a way company’s performance. Fi nally, mission statement provides detailed overview of the process of defining company’s mission statements.It would be of great help for companies which only started to run their own business. 2. BB&T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement is considered an exemplary Mission Statement. Please read it and comment on the negatives of this statement and defend your answer. It is rather hard to speak of negatives of the BB&T Vision, Mission and Purpose statement, but I think that it concentrates more on the process of developing mission statement and pays little attention to discussing its core elements as, for example, goals and objectives.In such a way, company gets acquainted with the process, but may fail to understand what is needed to initiate the process. Also I can’t agree that mission statement is necessary only if the company is forced to alter its products, technologies and market. According management and marketing fundamentals, no company can operate successful ly without mission statement as it hasn’t worked out direction and objectives.

Karl Marx and Veblen essays

Karl Marx and Veblen essays Karl Marxs Core Criticism of Capitalism Karl Marx was born in Trier in the German Rhineland in 1818 (Kemerling 2006). He earned a doctorate degree in Jena in 1841 where he wrote on materialism and atheism of Greek atomists. Later moving to Koln, he founded and edited a radical newspaper, entitled Rehinische Zeitung. His participation in forbidden political movements prevented him working as a journalist in Paris and Brussels to improve his living to support his growing family. Finally, he settled in London in 1849 and there lived in poverty, while studying and developing his economic and political thought and theories (Kemerling). From the start, Marx believed that reality has a material or economic, rather than abstract or idealistic, base (Kemerling 2006). He thought that philosophy itself should have practical use in order to change the world. He set forth his core economic analysis in his Economic and Political Manuscripts of 1844, which argued that the conditions of industrial societies would invariably separate or alienate workers from their own labor. He also opposed the lingering influence of religion over politics and suggested a revolutionary restructuring of European society. He explained his economic theories in his work, Das Capital, published in 1867-95, and Theory of Surplus Value, published in 1862. He and his colleague Friedrich Engles later together wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848 aimed at precipitating social revolution. Communist Manifesto describes the class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, explains the difference of Communism from other socialist movement s, contains a list of social reforms, and moves workers to unite and revote against existing regimes (Kemerling). Marxs historical materialism, his theory of history, holds that forms of society rise and fall as they proceed and then impede the development of human productive power (Woolf 2003) He s...

Comparison of Two Articles How the Earth Was Created

Comparison of Two Articles How the Earth Was Created It is always interesting and educative to read what different people think about the ways of how the world has been created. There are so many suggestions and powerful ideas that it is hard to believe that some of them are false, this is why it is better to compare them, define strong and weak sides, and take the best aspects into consideration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Two Articles: How the Earth Was Created specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, two passages taken from the field of anthropology will be evaluated and compared. The first passage is An Aranda Creation Story that comes from the Australian tribes and defines the creator as â€Å"a living creature, covered with a smooth skin like the skin of a man† (â€Å"An Aranda Creation Story† 451). The second article is devoted to â€Å"The Big Bang Theory† that is properly discussed in one of the astronomy textbook s. Its author admits that in the beginning, it was â€Å"a great primeval fireball of matter and radiation† (Abell 451) the image of which is hard to imagine even nowadays. The main idea of this essay is to evaluate the authors’ attempts to contribute the world of anthropology; in the both articles, it is admitted that the earth has its beginning, but the reasons of why the earth appeared are hard to understand; however, the main difference of both passages is the way of how the earth was developed: the first work introduces the idea of the god’s interference, and the second work discusses the natural development of the earth due to the explosion. Anthropology is the science the main purpose of which is to disclose the peculiarities of humanity and the ways of how the world was developed. The works under consideration may become a significant contribution for this field, and their authors admit that the earth has its own history, and people had nothing in common with it. Each passage is a unique understanding of earth’s birth. The style of writing chosen by the authors as well as language is simple enough so that the both articles are clear to any reader. Another significant aspect of the works is the identification of the fact that the earth has its own beginning, and this beginning had nothing in common with Christian beliefs or the dinosaurs, the role of which remains to be important nowadays, or the apes, behaviour of which is usually compared to humans.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It does not matter what kind of earth’s beginning is taken into consideration, the peculiar feature of the both passages is the idea to contradict the approaches, which are highly appreciated in the modern world. This is why it is possible to believe that the thing that unites both works under analysis is the necessity t o create the approaches of world’s development, which are appropriate for different cultures and characterized by specific attitude. Finally, the main difference of the works is the idea of how the earth was created. In the first passage, the author admits that there was a god, Karora, who â€Å"was thinking, and wishes and desires flashed through his mind†¦ sprang into life† (â€Å"An Aranda Creation Story† 451). In comparison to this point, the second work is based on the idea that is free from human or even gods’ interruption. The author makes an attempt to describe the development of the earth as the development of a huge fireball, those main components, hydrogen and helium, were composed and caused the explosion (Abell 451). In addition, the second work shows that the development of the earth was a long-lasting process, and the time was calculated not in minutes or days but in million years. Still, in spite of numerous captivating ideas and even ts, the both passages seem to be weak, and the authors fail to give clear and definite facts to protect their positions. Lack of evidence is probably the main disadvantage of the works under consideration, and this is why it is so hard to believe in the power of the propositions offered. In general, the works under consideration may play an important role in the history in case their authors make use of more concrete facts and evidence to convince the reader. It is not enough to introduce the idea and describe it from a pure personal point of view.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Two Articles: How the Earth Was Created specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make it working, it is necessary to think logically and try to predict what the reader wants to know from the offered source. This is why it is possible to admit that the both articles are interesting indeed and make the reader to believe that world ha s the long history. The development of the earth is the question that bothers many people, this is why the ideas that the earth was in the form of a fireball or that the god created the world wishing something may be introduced, still, not many scientists and researchers would be eager to use them with such little evidence. Still, the worth of the articles analyzed is that people from different cultures could certainly find something interesting for them to talk about. Abell, George, O. â€Å"The Big Bang Theory.† In Critical Strategies for Academic Thinking and Writing by Mike Rose and Kiniry Malcolm. St. Martin’s, 1998, p. 451-452. â€Å"Aranda Creation Story.† In Critical Strategies for Academic Thinking and Writing by Mike Rose and Kiniry Malcolm. St. Martin’s, 1998, p. 450-451.

A True Heroine In Wuthering Heights Essays

A True Heroine In Wuthering Heights Essays A True Heroine In Wuthering Heights Paper A True Heroine In Wuthering Heights Paper Essay Topic: Wuthering Heights The story of Emile Brontes Wuthering Heights takes place during a time in history when women existed and were important to family and society, but had no legal or social rights, as their well-being, health and happiness depended upon the men in their lives. From the start of the novel, as told by Mr. Lockwood we see that Cathy did not seem to belong in the Heathcliff household, but by the end of the story, it was Cathy who owned the entire Wuthering Heights estate. Her accomplishments were impressive, as she over came whatever obstacles the men in her life put in her way! Bronte emphasized Cathys passion, and determination, making her the only character who was able to rise above the hatred, discrimination and cruelty. Cathy inherited her mothers pride and beauty, and her fathers mildness and devotion but she also had a spirit all her own, a fighting spirit of a hidden warrior. It was important for Cathy to have these characteristics (especially her will to survive) because it was these inner strengths that enabled her to be my heroine. One of Cathys strongest forces was her intense loyalty and love for her father I care for nothing in comparison to papa, Ill never to an act or say a word to vex him (231). I love papa better then you (273). Cathy was the only character in this novel and Jane Eyre that actually showed love, and dedication to a parent. Her respect for her father is an important aspect in Cathys character as it made her an honourable woman. A strong-willed Cathy enjoyed disobeying orders from Nelly as a child, and continued to do so as she grew up by sneaking letters to Linton. I wish you to avoid his house and family (223). She continued to develop a relationship with Linton, although it became clear very early that they were not meant to be together. He had no spirit, was spiteful and demanded constant attention, but it was because Linton was so defenseless and an easy target for Heathcliff that Cathy had feelings for him. They were not feelings of true love, but a desire, or duty to protect and support Linton, in his days of need. It was as if Cathy sacrificed herself for Lintons well being. Cathys sympathy and humanity for Linton was impressive and courageous. Im not crying for myself Ellen, its for him- He expected to see me again tomorrow, hell be so disappointed (224). Even though my heroines goal was to please Linton, when he pushed too hard, she also had the resolve to fight back Cathy, beside herself, gave the chair a violent push (239). And, unlike everyone else who feared Heathcliff she had no problem in attacking him. You cant make us hate each other, I defy you to hurt him, I defy you to frighten me (287). Catherine told Hareton who she was and where she was going and asked him to show her the way (197). It was fate that she met Hareton through her relationship with Linton, but my heroine had to be patient before she experienced her own happiness. It was Cathys strength which enabled her to survive the torture and suffering during her days as Lintons wife and Heathcliffs prisoner. This awful experience only made her a better person. It prepared her for her destiny as Haretons wife and as landlord of Wuthering Heights. Bronte wanted the reader to have confidence in Cathys future success by displaying her heroic attributes; having the stamina to endure those long, lonely days separated from her dying father. At one point, Heathcliff owned all of Wuthering Heights and the Grange, but Cathy still showed spirit and optimism by planting a delicate flower bed in the middle of the dark and depressed black currant trees. This rebellious act showed Cathys passion for life, as she looked at her beautiful flowers as a new healthy and fresh beginning (Lybyer, online). Perhaps Cathys garden represented her future achievements as a blossoming flower amongst the weeds. As she was determined to overcome injustice, she stated You shouldnt grudge a few yards of earth for me to ornament, when you have taken all my land and my money, and Haretons land and his money (319). Cathy was a heroine who showed that it is possible to rise above adversity not with revenge, but with forgiveness, and dignity. As Ellen observed, Miss Cathy, conversant with no bad deeds, except her own slight acts of disobedience, repented on the day they were committed, was amazed at the blackness of spirit that could brood on and cover revenge for years (223). Cathy had something just as powerful as the will to survive, she was humane, and she was able to forgive and forget. At the end of the novel, Cathy married Hareton. Their relationship was one of happiness and true love. Ill come and teach him to read it right, if he refuses Ill go upstairs and never tease him again (314). She knew that Heathcliff tried to corrupt Hareton, He will never be bale to emerge from his bathos of coarseness and ignorance (219). She realized that Heathcliff only succeeded on the surface. Deep down in spite of his influence Hareton remained a kind, innocent, loving man, a perfect match for my heroine. The pupil claimed a reward and received at least five kisses, which he generously returned (308). Cathy was now at peace with herself and with life; something that none of the first generation of characters was able to achieve (especially her own mother) Cathy triumphed over adversity in a subtle, almost innocent way. She won back the land that was rightfully hers and Haretons. It is true that eventually Heathcliff merely gave up the fight, but it was Cathys spirit for life and hatred of revenge which allowed justice to prevail. When other characters in the novel were gloomy, sinister and sad, Cathy was a breath of fresh air, giving the reader a feeling of calmness. She also proved that good can win over evil and that humanity goes hand in hand with success. For all these reasons, Cathy must be respected and honored as a true heroine of Wuthering Heights. Bibliography : References : Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. Ed. Ian Jack. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981. Jack, Ian, ed. Introduction. Wuthering Heights. By Emily Bronte. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981 Lybyer, J. M. Cliffs Notes on Wuthering Heights. Ed. Gary Carey. Inc. Lincoln, Nebraska, 1982 (Also, Available Online. April 2002. cliffsnotes. com. Downloaded product) Works Consulted: Abitbol, Jen. Colonial Visions of the Other (Wuthering Heights), University of Montreal. April 2002. Novel Guide: Novel Analysis: Wuthering Heights. April 2002. Online. Available: novelguide. com/wutheringheights/novelsummary. html Novel Guide: Character Analysis: Wuthering Heights. April 2002. Online. Available: novelguide. com/wutheringheights/characterprofiles. html

MEDIA ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

MEDIA ETHICS - Essay Example However, he does not take sides with his country, the USA, in its conspiracy. Although the President releases a statement Wilson’s investigation, these are contrary to Wilson’s findings. Wilson does not accept the president’s misinterpretation of the findings. He therefore, goes ahead to publish his own account of the investigation, making it available to the public. This therefore, conflicts with Bush’s statement. Wilson was courageous and stood for the truth, not letting anything to compromise his truth. He refused to sit back and watch how the truth was being violated publicly. Therefore, he acted. By coming out publicly to make the truth available to the people, through publishing this article, I compare Wilson to the philosopher W.D, Ross, who developed a moral system called â€Å"intuitionist,† which claims that individuals are inherently aware of their moral obligations (Plaisance 10). Therefore, when Wilson came out fearlessly and published the article, no one had forced him to do so. Deep down, he knew he had the responsibility of performing his moral duties. Ross’ philosophy also holds that a person has a responsibility of honoring their moral standards and principles (Plaisance 10). Therefore, one of Wilson’s moral values must have been truthfulness, which is why he had to honor it by publishing the article to bring out the truth. In this philosophy, Ross also believed that the moral values one must honor include fidelity, justice, not harming others, and self-improvement (Plaisance 10). The values of fidelity, justice, and not harming others coinc ide with Wilson’s actions. He was against Bush’s propaganda of war with Iraq, since he knew this would cause harm to the Iraqis, as well as the US soldiers, who would die in the war. Wilson upholds justice, because he did not want the USA government to accuse Iraq falsely. Finally, he shows fidelity when he investigates the case, presents truthful findings, and ensures false statements

How have theoretical orientations in cultural criticism evolved and Essay

How have theoretical orientations in cultural criticism evolved and changed since 1900 Outline challenges facing arts criti - Essay Example In addition, the role of artist is explored and their significance and contribution to the cultural space can be critically analyzed, at some point every consumer of art engages in criticism whether formally or informally (James 1994, p.13). Through criticism, artist can learn from their mistakes and get honest if blunt feedback from critics which will inspire them to improve their output thus generally building up the quality of art produced in the long run. Art criticism has been defined in a variety of ways, Arthur Danto, defines it as the process of analyzing the structure significance and problems in a given work of art by making external and internal comparison to come up with an evaluation of the art. The primary intention of the endeavour has been in the past, and remains to provide rational grounds for the appreciation of artistic works. The exact origin of formal artistic criticism as a genre can be traced back to the 18th century and the first individual to acquire a reput ation of a critic of art was La Font de Saint-Yenne, is renowned for his writing about the salon of 1737 and 47. In the late 19th century, of the artistic expressionism and critics occurred in these salons which were societies made up of artists an critics, many of this were centred around Paris in France as the city acted as one of the centres of art and culture (Eagleton 1984, p.97). However, these salons kept multiplying owing to the dissenting views of different artist and in the dawn of the 19th century a group of young painters and sculptor took over the institution and founded the salon of d’Autumne. They were reacting against what they deemed to be the too conservative approaches of the previous salons and from this salon the salon of modern art emerged. Parisian and other galleries all over the world begun to show Avant grade work and new art dealers such as Daniel Henry Kahnweiler emerged presenting contemporary artists such as Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque as we ll as several other young artists of the time. The early 20th century was an inaugural period where art and culture critics took on retrospective assumptions and generalization of the social cultural evolution; many of the subjective theories of the past were rejected. Throughput the 20th century, critics seem to constantly be in a quest for the relationships between the art created and that which it represents (Lassalle, 1993, p. 1999). One of the preeminent anthropologists of this period was Franz Boaz and some of his students such as Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead who later became some of the leaders of the anthropological rejection of social and classical evolution. Contemporary critics at the time eschewed the previous discriminative and subjective assumptions many of which were based on a distinction between primitive and civilized. Many of the artist works produced from non-western societies especially in Africa was previously not seen as genuine art since the inhabitants we re primitive and uncivilized people. These critics were cognizant of the fact that cultural and artistic progression terminated at a stage of civilization that was not unlike what was happening in modern Europe. Nevertheless, they also noted that the theory presumed communities are distinct entities and did

GROUPS AND TEAMS IN AN ORGANIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GROUPS AND TEAMS IN AN ORGANIZATION - Essay Example According to Williams Institute, people believed that there are "right" and "wrong" choices. Coincidently, people make different choices with their personal ethical values. Williams Institute attempts to develop a program in which they assist people and guide them in the process of making ethical decisions. Groups and teams play a vital role in making an organization more productive and also it's concerned in the increase of output of the organization. In an organization it's a collection of individual's goal, objectives, efforts and staying united by interacting with each other and staying together until the task will not be accomplished. Sometimes teams or group would be made temporarily by the organization to achieve or accomplish some task or objective and after the completion of that task; those teams or groups are automatically obsolete. Effective team will not achieve any task if the members of the team don't know the strength and weaknesses of each other as well as the organization. If the teams and groups are nor united or share their skills and knowledge with each other while staying in the organization or performing their functions and activities for the organization that would play a negative role in firm's productivity and its success.

The Divisive Issue of Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Divisive Issue of Immigration - Essay Example History seemed to repeat itself but this time the mob was not trying to expel the illegal immigrants; instead, their supporters - relatives, friends and neighbors - banded together to become a mob fighting for their right to stay in America. In the same article Karen Tumulty recorded the events of the recent months and found something that according to her most Americans were caught unaware including the Senators who were supposed to be on top of the problem: There was the scene in Apache Junction, Ariz., in which a few Hispanic students raised a Mexican flag over their high school and another group took it down and burned it. In Houston the principal at Reagan High School was reprimanded for raising a Mexican flag below the U.S. and Texas ones, in solidarity with his largely Hispanic student body. Tom Tancredo, the Republican from Colorado who has become Congress's loudest anti-immigrant voice, said his congressional offices in Colorado and Washington were swamped by more than 1,000 phone calls, nearly all from people furious about the protests in which demonstrators "were blatantly stating their illegal presence in the country and waving Mexican flags." When the author intimated that the attempt to reform the immigration law was dividing the country it is clear that it was an understatement. But looking at it from a purely social perspective is merely scratching the surface for there are more powerful forces encouraging the migrants from across the border to cross the line. Migrant workers risking life and limb to come over to the United States is simply in need of better employment. For employers the long line of workers responding to the help wanted sign means that there is a great chance of getting the best man for the job at a lower cost. And the incentive of employers to continually shield or encouraged illegal aliens t is simply a matter of exploiting a competitive labor market. Here is where differing interests begin to conflict, while two views of how a government should function comes to mind. The first view states that the federal government should function as an organism therefore each individual living in the United States is just part of the whole and therefore each person's welfare is subject to what will benefit the whole. The other view states the conver se which is that the federal government is a mechanism created by the people to serve the people. An example of the second view coming to play in this national problem was addressed by Tumulty, referring to a particular minority - some members of the Republican Party- and this is what she said, "The business interests in the party base don't want to disrupt a steady supply of cheap labor for the agriculture, construction, hotel and restaurant industries, among others." Therein lies the bone of contention. To some, the illegal migrant workers are a boon to the economy while to those struggling to get a piece of the pie, they are a threat. Welfare economics does not offer much help in solving

Analysis of Articles about Gender Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Articles about Gender Studies - Essay Example She told them she always thought she had three. And that showed the extended family that the author seems to enjoy. For every person who is a part of the extended family, the author and her growth were more important than anything else. This made everything else immaterial. As the author points out, the pre-conceiving arrangement that the mothers went through ensured that the differences in their thought processes will not occur. There was enough leeway created between all of them and freedom to change their decisions. So much so that no one altered any of the decisions that were made. This made the entire process of bringing up the kid more interesting to the extended family. She was no ordinary child and whatever happened to every one of them was not an ordinary event. The author finally, justifies that the ideas and the opinions taken should be done so in the right spirit and this would ensure that the biotechnological advances made are used in the right spirit. There was nothing wrong or unnatural in the entire process. She does not feel in any way different from the others and neither did anyone else feel that way though many thought she was special. The questions will be: Creation of a human being either by cloning or by IVF methods is out of nature. Will this not give rise to a culture that has the least respect for the natural phenomenon? And will not this lead to a condition where the human race might overpopulate or try to control nature which otherwise could condition the environment in a much better way? While so, how can control and modifying natural occurrences influence the behavior of the human race? All these issues are not really dealt with by the author. When the perspective goes larger those questions come up. Whereas in the case of the author's analysis, she has restricted to her own view and to the views of the people around her.

The Divisive Issue of Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Divisive Issue of Immigration - Essay Example History seemed to repeat itself but this time the mob was not trying to expel the illegal immigrants; instead, their supporters - relatives, friends and neighbors - banded together to become a mob fighting for their right to stay in America. In the same article Karen Tumulty recorded the events of the recent months and found something that according to her most Americans were caught unaware including the Senators who were supposed to be on top of the problem: There was the scene in Apache Junction, Ariz., in which a few Hispanic students raised a Mexican flag over their high school and another group took it down and burned it. In Houston the principal at Reagan High School was reprimanded for raising a Mexican flag below the U.S. and Texas ones, in solidarity with his largely Hispanic student body. Tom Tancredo, the Republican from Colorado who has become Congress's loudest anti-immigrant voice, said his congressional offices in Colorado and Washington were swamped by more than 1,000 phone calls, nearly all from people furious about the protests in which demonstrators "were blatantly stating their illegal presence in the country and waving Mexican flags." When the author intimated that the attempt to reform the immigration law was dividing the country it is clear that it was an understatement. But looking at it from a purely social perspective is merely scratching the surface for there are more powerful forces encouraging the migrants from across the border to cross the line. Migrant workers risking life and limb to come over to the United States is simply in need of better employment. For employers the long line of workers responding to the help wanted sign means that there is a great chance of getting the best man for the job at a lower cost. And the incentive of employers to continually shield or encouraged illegal aliens t is simply a matter of exploiting a competitive labor market. Here is where differing interests begin to conflict, while two views of how a government should function comes to mind. The first view states that the federal government should function as an organism therefore each individual living in the United States is just part of the whole and therefore each person's welfare is subject to what will benefit the whole. The other view states the conver se which is that the federal government is a mechanism created by the people to serve the people. An example of the second view coming to play in this national problem was addressed by Tumulty, referring to a particular minority - some members of the Republican Party- and this is what she said, "The business interests in the party base don't want to disrupt a steady supply of cheap labor for the agriculture, construction, hotel and restaurant industries, among others." Therein lies the bone of contention. To some, the illegal migrant workers are a boon to the economy while to those struggling to get a piece of the pie, they are a threat. Welfare economics does not offer much help in solving

Week 2 application 6330 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Week 2 application 6330 - Assignment Example A Family nurse practitioner pays special care towards family dynamic and generally assesses how illness affects families (University of Cincinnati, 2013). As Nurse practitioners FNP, nurses dedicate a great amount of time in providing medical services to the community. It is their duty to get directly involved in carrying out treatment and diagnosis procedures making them a fundamental part of care and recovery. Their direct linkage to patients by diagnosing, treating, and prescribing drugs is what makes it very important for them to be proficient in pharmacology. I studied the efficiency of the FNP curriculum by using the table 13.1 provided by Keating (2011) as the baseline and the analysis was as below. The nursing college at University of Cincinnati offers post graduate programs such as the FNP at the campus and online. One can choose to either enroll to the online classes or can visit the institution and carryout a face-to-face registration with the admissions team. In this report, I am mainly going to focus on the online FNP program, which has six semesters done in autumn, summer, and spring for two years. The seventeen courses included in the curriculum include courses such as Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology, pharmacology for advanced nursing practice, and theoretical basis for clinical reasoning. There are also three seminars and three practicum courses, which are taken within the final two years of pursuing the program. The curriculum itself has The curriculum offered by University of Cincinnati (UC) nursing college recognizes that as a nurse earning an MSN is supposed to be an enhancing process rather than a rebuilding process. The curriculum at UC nursing college is designed to enhance nurses’ skills and prepare them for greater roles in their medical field. The Institution understands that the preparation is key towards a successful and intuitive curriculum. This

Gone with the Wind Essay Example for Free

Gone with the Wind Essay Gone with the Wind is a film based on Margaret Mitchell’s book with the same title. Tagged as one of the most memorable love stories in American history, Gone with the Wind is not only a story of love between Scarlett O’ Hara and Rhett Butler but is also a story of a woman’s struggle to keep her family alive through years of war. Set against the American Civil War, the film is mainly influenced by the events of that time. We get a glimpse of the social structures of the 1800’s and of the roles expected of women at that time. B. MEDIA The film, despite its historical background, is more of a dramatic manifestation rather than a documentary of the events during the American Civil War. Done in Technicolor, the film features theatrical music with a touch of country to go well with the Atlanta and Jonesboro settings. The music was mostly passively used in the background, segued to indicate change of scenes. However, there were some scenes when music was an integral part, enhancing the emotions and actions depicted in the film. Being a really old film, Gone with the Wind does not have the special effects that movies nowadays have. It is, however, effective in recreating the Civil War and making the viewers feel what it would have been like to be in that situation. Explosions and gunfire were used to reestablish the film’s setting. Shots were very conventional, using wide shots to establish a scene and close-ups to enhance emotional integrity. Gone with the Wind, featuring mostly Southern characters, includes a plethora of characters speaking with a Southern drawl. The language was mostly contemporary, with a few slang usages here and there. Hats off to the well-known actors such as Clark Gable (Rhett Butler), Vivien Leigh (Scarlett OHara), Leslie Howard (Ashley Wilkes), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie Hamilton) for pulling off the characters originally designed by Margaret Mitchell. They were excellent actors and they gave life to characters recreated in this screenplay by Sidney Howard, though the story was flavorful enough that it can be portrayed by anyone with good acting skills. Featuring well-known actors, though, helped promote the film and possibly helped in raking in big money for the producer David O. Selznick. C. CONTENT The film offered abundant source of memorable scenes. In one of the earlier scenes, we see Mammy helping Scarlett get ready for the Wilkes’s barbeque party. Instead of a grumpy, complaining slave, Mammy seem to be in high spirits and just happy helping out the O’ Hara sisters. Though this highlights the sad social structure existent at the time of the movie, Mammy’s strong hold on Scarlett and her â€Å"don’t give me nonsense† approach to Scarlett’s usually hard-to-resist charms show how – despite the racial structure of the times – African-Americans play an integral role in the American household. However, in another scene, African-Americans were depicted in a negative way. When Melanie Hamilton was about to give birth, Prissy lets it slip that she is knowledgeable in midwifery. At a crucial point of the childbirth though, Prissy panics and admits, â€Å"Lawzy, we got to have a doctor. I don’t know nothin’ ‘bout birthin’ babies. † This is eye-catching in the sense that is ‘glorifies’ one of the stereotypes associated to African-Americans. The way Scarlett O’ Hara acts is also often a point of contention in the movie. Though shown as a strong woman who was able to carry her family through bad times, Scarlett was also shown to be clingy and desperate in most scenes. This was most apparent during the Wilkes’s party, when she choreographed the whole afternoon to catch Ashley’s attention. In all the scenes mentioned, the main issue revolved around racial, social, and cultural boundaries. The scenes depicted how far along societal rules were during the setting of the movie. Though often criticized for being too leaning on stereotypical portrayals, Gone with the Wind still is very much a picture of the truth of that existed back then. D. BIAS Victor Fleming, the credited director of Gone with the Wind, was mostly an action film director and had his first hand at romantic drama with the film in discussion. One cannot say, though, that whatever biases the film had been his â€Å"fault†. Gone with the Wind is mostly producer-driven and Fleming may only have marginal influence on the film’s outcome. And since the film was highly-based on the novel, the â€Å"biases† can be attributed to what Margaret Mitchell wrote. (Myrick 126) E. EFFECTIVENESS / HISTORICAL CONTEXT Though very different from films that most of us are used to nowadays, Gone with the Wind was very effective in evoking the emotions it aimed for. The combination of the restructuring of the Civil War and the powerful acting accounts for the film’s effectiveness. The combination of both – plus its basis on a historical fact – also points to why the film was very profitable. Every American knows of the horrors that the Civil War brought us and the film’s effective depiction of this point in history made everyone love the film more. All in all, the film – with its combination of a moving plot, powerful cast, and good filming – was worth a watch. Though mostly dramatic than historical, anyone who wants to relive the Civil War can give this movie a shot. WORKS CITED Myrick, Susan. White Columns in Hollywood: Reports from the GWTW Sets. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1982.

Comparison of the Olive Oil companies

Comparison of the Olive Oil companies The number of the companies that are managing to go internationally is raising every day. Organizations benefit from the globalisation because now there are much more opportunities to expand internationally and enter new markets. As the world is becoming more and more connected most of the companies are getting excited with the idea of increasing their market share in other countries (Root, 1994). There are a lot of countries which are trying to participate in the global industry of the olive oil and are attempting to produce and export this golden liquid. The main players in this marketing field are the countries which are located in the Mediterranean sea, such as Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal (Appendix A1). Countries with no traditional backgrounds such as America, Tunisia and Australia are getting also competitive. The competition firstly started with Spain and Italy being the leaders of the market. Globally, the olive oil industry is regulated by three main bodies (Olive oil council, EU, World trade organization) that support and help them controlling the trade of olive oil and ensure the high quality. According to internationaloliveoil 2009, Spain is the main producer of olive oil (Appendix A). Due to overcapacity in the market the European Commission has increased the standards of olive oils quality. A strategy called Olive Oil Quality was introduced in order to make possible a better distinction of high and low quality (Appendix A2). Valceschini, (1999) stated that the aims of this strategy was to certify the quality in order to meet different customer demands. Spanish olive oil market According to Mintel (2009) in 2008 the sales of olive oil fall 2.5% expecting the rates to reach 1.896 million for 2009. The sector has been having difficult times because of fall in unit prices caused by heavy olive harvest, overstocking, falling export decline in demand mainly in countries where olive oil is considered a premium product. As there is almost no innovation, the competition is concentrated mostly on price, which diverse the consumer choice. The economic crisis is forcing the companies to concentrate more on quality, brands diversifications, and products that are more affordable. The model of Spanish olive oil industry is based on family own businesses and this condition has little chances to bring any innovation and promotion changes to the olive oil sector. Nowadays the companies have put a lot of efforts on promotion and the quality of the olive oil which must fill all the European standard as far as olive oil is concerned (Mintel 2009) PETROLIVA Established in Spain in the middle of 19th century is one of the main dominant players that operate successfully in the olive oil market. Initially the firm was involved in buying and selling small amounts of olive oil. Having a successful history of 70 years, now Petroliva, a family owned company, is one of the most famous companies in its industry. The product list of the company includes several types of oil, such as: extra virgin olive oil and sunflower oil. Petrolivas products are currently used all over the world by millions of people and its products are present in twelve countries of Europe, Asia and America. A high percentage of its revenue is derives from its export activities. Having developed efficient distribution channels worldwide the company now seeks to grow more entering also other countries. Of high importance is the fact that companys customers include big companies such as restaurants and hotels. Its main target now is to enter the developed UK market. Spain and UK are members of the European Union, which makes the trade between them even easier. Having built a strong brand image in its home market and in other countries Petroliva has all the necessary qualities to expand even more (notes from case study) (Appendix B). P.E.S.T analysis The PEST analysis is a functional tool which helps the company in scanning the market (either development or market decrease), understand the market situation, points the possibilities and the guidance for a business.(Chapman, 2006). In order to enter the UK market, a PEST analysis is needed for Petroliva to evaluate the market conditions. Political Factors The UK presently is a steady and prolific environment for making business. Being part of organizations like the EU, NATO, United Nations, WTO, G8, and OECD means that its performance is connected with these organizations. Great Britain is a region of the worlds biggest trading entity. UK is a stable country meaning that the government is balanced and there are not political risk .In UK there are many regulations about the csr system, building many market regulations for exporting companies.UK laws on retailers are not so strict if we take into consideration that there are supermarkets that operates 24 hours. Due to the fact that UK is part of EU makes it easier for Spanish companies to enter its market and comply with the existing regulations (Economy watch, 2010). Economic Factors According to Economy watch (2010) the British economy is the 2nd largest in Europe and the 5th in the world with GDP of 2,789 million US $. The UK economy is still trying to recover from one of the worst recession ever. The higher volume sales of olive oil are caused by the tendency of cooking at home due to that recession. It is positive for Petroliva the fact that the British pound now is weaker and there is not a big difference between two currencies. So the exchange rate is not going to have high impact on the price of the product. The British pound currency is quite stable making the export less risky. Comparing to other countries the taxation and the entry barriers are not high for entrepreneurs in UK (Economy watch, 2010). Looking the food market in UK we can see that the spreadable oils, the fats and the olive oil are expected to be the fastest growing sectors. Values sales in 2009 are estimated to grow at a rate of 8% (Mintel 2009) Social Factors The UK has the best international reputation for being a working country and possesses the most skillful workforce in Europe. The country is the most international in Europe, with a lot of cultures, many religions, leading the customers to be open for new products (e.g. olive oil).The UK citizens are environmental friendly, so Petroliva must be friendly to the environment (e.g. must do recycling and have waste collaboration devices.). British people are changing their eating habits because they have realised the health benefits that are associated with Mediterranean food and the ingredients that make that food (e.g. olive oil). When it comes to the standards of living the private consumption is approximately 26 million euro, meaning that the market is big and the customers are rich. (Answers, 2010). (Appendix C) Technological Factors The UK is ranked in the 6th place in the world for the high technology used by manufacturers. Improvements in new technologies and UK online services may help Petroliva in the marketing and promotion of its products. The country is technological developed meaning that there are plenty of information for companies to exploit in order to make their supplying channels. Benefiting from the new technology there must be an enduring development from the companies in the UK in order to be more competitive (Innovate UK, 2010). Moreover, to meet the UK quality control requirements companies must multiply the needs for technological equipments. Petroliva should choose to enter the UK market because: There is a huge base of potential customers. There is an increasing demand for olive oil. The British are changing their eating habits. Within the EU there are not barriers, and the UK government rules are not strict. UK has one of the highest GDP in EU and the country is getting out of the recession which should impact the level of consumption spending. PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS According to Porter (2008) there are five forces that direct every company and affect the strength, the direction of the competition and the profits of a company. These forces are: The bargaining power of the buyers. The ability that customers have to force down the prices. In commodity market customers are price conscious making them able to decrease the prices as there are also other choices. To have power the company should provide to them packages of excellent quality, logical price and use its environmental image in order to create loyalty between customers and company (Lee, D.Y. 2000)(Appendix D) The bargaining power of the suppliers. The ability of the suppliers to increase the delivery price/time of the products. Most of the problems in this field come from the wrong agreements between firms and supplying companies. Having a good contract with the suppliers and making sure that the agreement benefits both supplier and company, the competition will slow down. (Jones P et al, 2005)(Appendix E) Rivalry among existing competitors. The competition in the UK olive oil market is fierce with main players companies from countries such as Italy, Spain and Greece. According to Haymarket business (2003) the UK market leaders are Filippo Berio and Carapelli (Appendix F, G). Both of them have Italian backgrounds and share a big percentage of the olive oil market in the UK (Appendix G1). (See figure 2). Threat of new entrants. Countries with no traditional background such as America, Africa, Asia, Syria and Turkey are trying to enter the market making the competition even more difficult. Having a strong brand image and high quality Petroliva may avoid threats that come from new entrants. Threat of substitutes. Nowadays more and more technologically advanced materials are used in order to find which olive oil possible choice is more environmental and cheap. The supermarkets promote in an active manner their own-label products (Vegetable oils, Sunflower oils, Tesco oil, Asda oil) making it difficult for the consumers to chose between the low cost products and quality products. This variety of oils can confuse the British customers because they are not aware of the differences between the oils and the olive oil health benefits (the Independent, 2009). MODES OF ENTRY When a company has made the decision to go into a foreign market, there is a big question of choosing the best way to enter the market. Companies can use exporting, licensing, joint venture or WOS (new wholly owned subsidiary) in order to enter a new market (Ireland et al, 2007) Exporting This strategy is the easiest way to enter a new market. According to this mode products are produced in the domestic market and then are transferred to the foreign target market. There are two stages in this category: Direct export- The exporter deals with every aspect of the procedure. (agents, distributors, foreign retailers) Indirect export- this method does not require large amounts for marketing investment, but the company loses the control. (piggyback marketing, franchising, contract manufacturing) (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 674 675) Licensing The licensing mode is an arrangement between the importing company and the domestic company. The lifetime of the contract is small and aims in the utilization of licensors industrial assets (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 676) Joint venture This manner of operation is the less risky mode of entering a market because there is an arrangement with the hosting company for sharing equity and the business command (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 676-677) WOS (new Wholly Owned Subsidiary) According to Ireland et al (2007) this entry mode is referring to firms that want to fully own the facilities of their production. In this mode company has the overall control but it is costly and also it has higher risks.(Ireland et al, 2007, p. 228). According to Woodcock et al, (1994) in the entering process at a foreign market a company must identify three attributes: The recourse commitment that is required. (The company is a SME, and there is no need of risks and big investments) The company control amount (Petroliva is already present in many markets, meaning that company wants the total control in UK) Technology risk ( Having the best quality and the right managerial control, it is not difficult for petroliva to adjust) (Woodcock et al, 1994) PETROLIVAS MODE OF ENTRY IN UK Taking into consideration the modes of entry the less expensive and risky way to enter the market is by exporting. According to Ireland et al (2007), exporting does not demand the products to be produced in the objective-target country (Ireland et al, 2007). It is better for Petroliva to use the direct exporting mode because there will be no investment in the UK for production facilities. Petroliva is already present in many markets through exporting its products. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the company has high experience and has established its channels and created distributorships to export its products. In this mode Petroliva can have control over the entire export transaction. This way of direct-exporting will also be the best way for Petroliva to obtain maximum profits and the economic growth will be long termed. Company should make contracts with distributors who will carry the product and then supply them to retailers or dealers. Furthermore, Petroliva may sell as well at foreign retailers and then the retailers will make the connection with the customers. Being a SME company, Petroliva cannot use other modes of entry because the competition is high and the company must avoid risky moves in the market. Companys benefits for applying the direct exporting mode of entry in UK are: Entry very fast in the UK market. Increase the company/product scale using facilities that already exist. Reduce the investments in the UK. Overall control from the company. Minimize the risk with competitors or government rules. The importing policies are very liberal making the transporting easier. (Quickmba, 2010) ENTRY STRATEGY-POSITIONING According to Ireland at al (2007) an appropriate and interesting position for a company is the situation that allows the firm to hold competitive advantage over its competitors (Ireland et al, 2007) There are three generic strategies for a company: Cost leadership. The company focus on obtaining a low cost competitive position compared to rival companies. Focus strategy. This category is a set of actions which are used to make products for a particular target group. Differentiation strategy. The company focuses on the creation of a unique product of high quality and features to build a strong brand image. (Ireland et al, 2007). PETROLIVAS STRATEGY (Differentiation) Entering the UK market with a cost leadership strategy may be a mistake because Petrolivas oil quality is excellent and there is no need to drop off the quality in order to offer lower prices. The focus strategy is not appropriate for Petroliva because olive oil can be used by all the social ranks and ages. Petroliva targets almost all the groups of customers and regions in UK that seek for a product of high quality so focusing on specific groups is not necessary. Implementing a differentiation strategy is the most suitable for Petroliva because the company has an excellent quality of oil. A different product of high quality with a unique design-image will benefit the company when entering UK. To figure out why a company will stand out from its competitors in Uk market it should be answered the question why customers will choose to buy its products? The reason that customer will choose to buy Petrolivas product is because it is going to offer them olive oil of high quality at reasona ble price. This strategys aims are to offer to the customers a unique product with excellent features. Petroliva should emphasize on its unique product features (size, design, quality, package and health benefits) in order to increase sales and gain market share. By pursuing this strategy the company will have as a main goal to meet customers specific needs. Entering the UK for the first time, it will be difficult for the company to focus only on supplying companies. Therefore, Petroliva should consider both B2B (business to business) and B2C (business to consumer) ways. Company can implement the differentiation strategy by applying the Marketing Mix concept which is commonly used by International Businesses which are implementing an International Marketing Strategy (Bennett, A. 1997). According to Armstrong Kotler (2003) the key factors of the marketing mix are: price, product, place and promotion. These key factors have a target of influencing the buyers decision (Armstrong Kotler, 2003 p. 17). To differentiate its products I suggest the below features that Petrolivas products should have. Product Bottle size: To differentiate from existing companies in UK an emphasis in the bottle should be given because it is an important element that influences the sales. Petroliva should focus in the category of 125ml and 250ml because these sizes offer to customers two benefits: firstly to introduce Petrolivas products to them and secondly to inspire them to try and experience its olive oil. (Appendix H1) Package: PET bottle is the best solution for the company. Being cheap and environmental friendly this kind of bottle will benefit company in its costs and also will attract customers (envis-icpe.com, 2010). (Appendix H2) Price According to Griffin and Pustay (2007) pricing policies are very important because they affect the success of the firm. Petroliva should try to find the best possible price after making a research in UK prices and also calculating the costs that the olive oil has from its production until delivering to the customer. In this way company can find a price that attracts customers and also offers good margins to the company. Place The best combination of communication channels, retailers and the perfect distributors it is needed in this category (Griffin and Pustay, 2007). The product will be distributed at the most profitable supermarkets, small and big retail shops, and gift shops. The retailers below are the best choice to sell its products. Promotion For the promotion stage Petroliva should use three marketing approaches. Television Internet Print The best promotion ways to reach faster market response are: Billboard advertising of Petrolivas product in UK ( creates curiosity to the customers) Cooking magazines- Cooking lifestyle magazines Supermarket magazines Sponsoring( Food TV, Jamie Oliver, Nigella Lawson) Websites Cooking Lifestyle TV programs. Offer gifts (cups, cooking accessories). (Appendix H3) Cavusgil et al (2008) CONCLUSION (Appendix I) Taking into consideration the above analysis from my point of view the best way for Petroliva to enter the UK market is by exporting (direct) and by using a differentiation strategy. Petroliva is a small company and there are a lot of risks if the company chooses other options in order to enter the market. The benefits of direct exporting for Petroliva will be to minimize the needed investment in UK, to enter the market fast and to minimize government/rival risks. Moreover, knowing that the competition in UK market is fierce in this industry, it is better for the company to choose a differentiation strategy in order to attract customers by offering them a product of better quality. Following the strategies, practices and processes that I suggested above in this paper the company will have the most possible success entering this market. A new different product of high quality at a reasonable price has all the potential to have great success in a new market where customers are price co nscious and also want the best possible quality (Appendix I).

Marlows Transformation in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay

Marlow's Transformation in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness After returning from a voyage in the Congo of Africa, Joseph Conrad said "Before the Congo I was a mere animal," and implied that only a select few of the rest of society have risen above the animal state. Conrad had a bout with malaria, and while recovering went through radical changes in thinking. He began to despise his fellow Belgians, and for a time he was furious with them for their very existence. Leonard Dean's collection of Conrad's letters show the writer's scorn of regular society after his journey: "Everything is repellent to me here. Men and things, but especially men...all have a gift for getting on my nerves." (103) Conrad eventually accepted himself as one of these people, and began to work on Heart of Darkness, a cathartic novel based on his journal written in the Congo. He wrote about Marlow, who will take a journey into the Congo and into his own soul, in an attempt to discuss the evil he experienced in Africa. Conrad presents a situation that he and Marlow both know, and that the average listener can't comprehend. Conrad was appalled and shaken by what he saw being practiced in the Congo, and by his statement cements his belief that a man cannot truly understand, sympathize, or feel anything significant on the emotional level unless he has also experienced the dark and the diseased side of himself. Everything up to that point is only scratching the surface of human nature. A human being needs suffering and experience with depravity before he is able to appreciate and embrace what is good in himself. He is only an animal up until that point. Marlow goes to Africa on a quest, though he isn't aware of it. Jerome Thale compared Marl... .../DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v407/n6800/full/407025a0_fs.html Evans, Robert O., "Conrad's Underworld". Cambridge: Purdue Research Foundation, 1956. Guerard, Albert J., "The Journey Within", 1958. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press. Hewitt, Douglas, "Reassessment of Heart of Darkness". Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes Publishers Ltd., 1952. Modern Fiction Studies, IX, No. 4 Winter '63-64. Cambridge: Purdue Research Foundation Reid, Stephen A., "The 'Unspeakable Rites in Heart of Darkness," Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, "What I Learned in the Gulag." Excerpted and abridged from The Gulag Archipelago http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/4942/gulag.html Telgen, Diane, Novels for Students. 2 vols. Detroit: Gale Researcher, 1997. Thale, Jerome, "Marlow's Quest," 1955. Toronto: University of Toronto Quarterly, XXIV July.

The Character of Ophelia Essay -- William Shakespeare Tragedies Essays

The Character of Ophelia In Shakespeare’s tragedies, the characters all have flaws that eventually lead to their undoing. In the play Hamlet, the character of Ophelia is ultimately killed by her flaw. It is apparent that Ophelia is an obedient person but, upon closer inspection, the audience can see that she is not merely obedient. Ophelia’s thoughts and actions go beyond obedience to show that she is a weak and entirely dependent character. Nothing that she says or does is a representation of herself but mostly that of her father. Ophelia’s cruel actions towards Hamlet, which go against her feelings for him, demonstrate her obedience to her father. In the beginning of the play, Ophelia tells her father that she likes Hamlet but her later actions sacrifice these personal feelings under the order of her father. She does as her father says regardless of how it could affect her own life. In particular, Ophelia agrees not to see Hamlet anymore after the request from her father: â€Å"I shall obey, my lord...†(act 1, scene 4). Ophelia’s actions show that Polonius has complete control over her because she sacrifices her personal feelings to please him. Ophelia’s obedience goes deeper than her trying to please her father and shows what a weak character she is. When Hamlet harasses her and tells her to go to a nunnery where she can no longer harm anyone, she does not try to defend herself. Instead, she just feels sorry for herself. Ophelia could not su...

Nursing Information Expert Essay

Nursing is a profession within the health care sector that focuses on protecting and promoting health care. It involves prevention of illness, injury and treatment of human diseases. The nursing profession requires that information of patients should be kept and recorded in a manner that can allow for proper review of patients. Some of the tasks that a nursing information expert is charged with include communicating and coordinating care with all other clinical disciplines, coordinating discharge planning, education and teaching transitions of care. They are also tasked with managing all information related to the nursing process and patient care delivery. According to (Gassert’s, 1996), some of the roles of a nursing information expert include administration, leadership and management, analysis, consultation and research evaluation. These roles require that the nursing information expert should be very good in information keeping and analysis. Professional nurses use information and data in everyday practice not only to add value to various health organizations but also to improve them. Some of the ways in which professional nurses use information and data to improve outcome include analyzing clinical and financial data, promoting and facilitating access to resources and references, providing content to standardized languages and improving relationships between providers and recipients of health care (Clifford, 2001). Technology is the collection of tools such as machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans to foster their daily activities in various fields. There has been a tremendous growth in technology in the healthcare sector. (Henneman, 2010) states that technology in the acute and critical care setting is typically equated with devices such as bedside monitors, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), bar-coding devices, mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines, point-of-care testing, ventricular assist devices, and computerized information systems. The type of technology therefore required for the care of each individual patient is very crucial to the recovery and the health of a patient. The analysis of information and data has been made very easy for the nurses through the technology that has impacted very positively in the health sector. It is the combination of technology and handling of information that has brought about the reduction in mortality rates in various health organizations. References Clifford, C. &. (2001). Pre- and post-test evaluation of a project to facilitate research. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Gassert’s, P. a. (1996). Information Management in Nursing and Health Care. Standards of practice and preparation for certification., 280-287. Henneman, E. A. (2010). Patient Safety and Technology. Patient Safety and Technology.

After a century of criminological theory, why does crime still exist Essay

After more than a century of criminological theory, a central question remains: why does crime still exist? To answer this question one must first come to a clear definition as to what crime actually means. In essence crime can be considered a social concept; a specific word attributes an individual to a particularly undesirable group. This allocations is based upon an event; some sort of wrong-doing or deviance from the norm which results in social, physical, mental, property or financial harm. The fact is, there is no singular definition to crime- there are multiple views and opinions yet none stands as a concrete definition. From a formally legal perspective, crime can be defined as by the state; that is if a specific act is defined by criminal law and is subject to punishment than it can be considered a crime. Conversely from a labelling perspective, crime can only exist if a particular event has resulted in a social response. It is this social response which instigates the criminal label and thus if there is no label, there is no crime. The ambiguity in the definition of crime alone provides grounds for its continuous existence. After all it seems only logical that we cannot rid of something that is not universally agreed upon. In attempts to unveil the cloak of criminality, various theories have been put forward which seek to clarify what is unclear. Of particular interest is the classical approach to crime and the idea of positivism and individualist behaviour. The classical theory of criminality locates the source of criminality within the individual and describes it as a rational choice (Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990). Positivism on the other hand emphasises causation and determinism, it focuses on both the external and internal factors which drive individual behaviour (Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990). Both of these theories hold opposing views about the causations of crime however they both seek to give reason to the existence of criminal behaviour. By focusing on these theories we may receive some clarity as to why crime still exists. Classical Theory: According to the classical theory criminality is seen to be derived from the individual and their ability to reason. This theory encapsulates crime as a matter of choice and intent on the part of the offender. Due to crime being represented as a choice of the offender, responsibility for that crime is thus attributed solely to the individual. Classical theory views all individuals as having equal opportunity to reason and be rational thus making us accountable for our actions. The basis of such a view stems from the assumption that there is general consensus among members of society; individuals surrender particular rights to state in exchange for its protection thus forming a social contract. Because we are all viewed as having equal opportunity to reason, the classical view holds that any rules or laws developed by consensus should be viewed as reasonable and binding to all; this is the social contract. The classical theory thereby defines criminality as someone who acts irrationally or makes a bad choice which violates the social contract. The two leading figures behind the development of the classical theory are Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. According to Beccaria (1764) and Bentham (1970) the basis of all social action should be viewed as the utilitarian concept which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people in society. Beccaria stated that crime should be considered as an injury to society as a whole and as such punishment should be used as a deterrent. This concept alone is the core is the core policy classical theory adopts when responding to crime; deterrence. Punishment is in essence the force which maintains the existence of a social contract between the state and individual (Carlsmith and Darley 2002). Classical theory states that all crimes should be associated with some sort of punishment. However the purpose of this punishment within the law is to deter individuals and not to seek vengeance. Deterrence should be directed at both the individual (direct deterrence) and at society as a whole (general deterrence). As such punishment should fit the crime but still outweigh the attraction of individual(s) to commit that crime [Beccaria (1764) and Bentham (1970)]. The Persistence of crime: To answer the question as to why classical theory has failed to rid society of crime we must further examine the work of Jeremy Bentham. According to Bentham (1970) â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters; pain and pleasure. Bentham outlines how all human behaviour can be linked to a self-interested pursuit of pleasure adaversion of pain. Thus according to this crime can be considered as behaviours seeking to satisfy some underlying universal desires. In that sense people can be seen as rational when they commit crimes and when they do not. Furthermore it implies that people act first in the interest of the self and are free to choose a course of action, be it legal or illegal. Thus classical theory hasn’t failed to rid society of crime because it never attempted to do so; the theory merely accepts the fact that crime will co-exist alongside free-will and as such classicism seeks to minimise it. According to Blumstein, Cohen, and Nagin (1978) a review of seminal studies conducted from 1960-1970 depicted that certainty of punishment and severity of punishment correlated highly with lower levels of crime. Furthermore Shepherd (2002) demonstrated that cross-sectional studies and surveys support the previous findings in that perceived certainty of punishment has a strong inverted association with criminal offending. Strengths and Weaknesses: The strongest point classicism holds is its emphasis on equality. In the eyes of the law classicism enforces that everyone be viewed and treated the same. Whilst in theory this notion may seem appealing as it rids the legal system of bias judgements such as lifting the laws for the rich, it also has a dark side. Classicism ignores the specificity of the defendant. Some people such as mentally ill or children are clearly not rational yet classicism overlooks this. Classicism incorrectly assumes that people are equal in terms of life chances and it does little to address the causations of crime. Thus although the deterrence policy adopted by classicism has been proven to work, the theory refuses to acknowledge external factors which may influence crime. Even though classical systems of crime are still used today, such theoretical models became largely unfavourable in the mid-19th century when a new paradigm of human behaviour became dominant (Tibbets 2012). This view became known as school of positivism. Positivism: Positivism was first proposed by Auguste Comte (1968) – his theory sought to quantify, classify and acknowledge humanities individual differences when dealing with criminal acts. The core concept underlying positivism is that individual behaviour is shaped by both external and internal factors. The focus of positivism is of the individual and not the crime. Conversely to classicism, positivism asserts that individuals vary and that no two people are alike. As a result rehabilitation is core policy positivism adopts when dealing with criminality. Positivists emphasize that attention should be drawn to the offender and the offender’s characteristics as opposed to the criminal act itself. Furthermore punishment is not viewed as means to a valid solution in resolving crime. Offenders should receive treatment and this treatment should be individualised to fit the unique characteristics of the offender. Defining Crime: Similarly to classicism, positivism agrees that there is a moral consensus which exists in society in relation to what constitutes deviant and normal behaviour. However the differences arise when examining what drives criminal activity. Specifically positivists attribute three strands which underlie criminal activity: biological factors, psychological factors and biosocial factors. Biological Factors: Cesare Lambroso (1968) was the first to put forward the idea that criminals may differ from normal individuals. He did this through his idea of atavism; criminals could be identified from a physical stigma which portrayed them as primitive. Although this is quite obviously wrong he did set in motion the idea that biological makeup may influence criminality. Fishbein (1990) suggested the idea that a person may be born criminal due to genetic dispositions. Similarly Fishbein (1990) and Anderson (2007) emphasise that biological factors are crucial in determining individual behaviour but also that the environment may largely affect these factors. In other words criminals can be seen as the product the environment they are exposed to. Good support for both of these ideas can be seen in substance abuse crimes such as alcohol fuelled violence and high crime rates in specific geographic areas. Psychological Factors: Psychological positivism focus’s internally on the personality types and typologies which compose individuals. Gibbons (1977) exemplifies that looking at psychology behind deviant behaviour involves exploring the unconscientious mind and the way it shapes our experiences. Biosocial Approach: Biosocial positivism refers to the acceptance of both biological and psychological factors influencing behaviour as opposed to making a distinction between the two. From this point of view behaviour can be seen as the product of nature vs. nurture, Eysneck (1984) suggested the idea that behaviour can be explained by the combination of biological and environmental influences. Strengths and weaknesses: A strong point of the positivist approach is that it transcends the notion that people are always and indefinitely in control of their actions. Furthermore it acknowledges the existence of individual difference and emphasises the need for individualised treatment. A problem with the theory is that large amount of power is placed at the mercy of selective experts whose perceptions of intervention may vary greatly. An example of this arises when attempting early intervention with those who are predisposed to crime. If intervention should take place before deviance the questions which arise are; how early should we do this? Who is to do it? And should we trust them? Dyzenhaus (2004) exemplifies this by drawing on positivism as a political tradition which rejects the connection between common law and morality. He states that when positivist judges are forced to operate with the parameters of common law they are forced to constrain themselves and as such impair their judgement. Why does crime still exist? Positivists emphasise the role of external and individual forces in shaping our behaviour. In essence the positivist perspective argues that individuals are not actually in control of their behaviour but rather at the mercy of the various biological and or psychological determinants influencing them. Thus positivism cannot rid society of crime because it acknowledges that we are vulnerable individuals who cannot necessarily control our actions or our fate. Conclusion: Positivism rears the source of criminality within the idea that people are basically self-seeking. Positivism places its focus on the importance of external and internal determinants of crime and criminality. Both theories provide plausible explanations for crime but none are able to readily remove it from society. This is primarily due to the fact that these theories are mere attempts to understand and define crime as opposed to resolving it.

IP2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

IP2 - Essay Example It includes use of demographic methods (such as gender or age), socio-economics (such as income levels or social class) and geographic location (often using sophisticated zip code or postal systems). Psychological include using customer attitudes and perceptions, the lifestyles of customers and the types of benefits customers seek from products and brands and their consumption choices (Baines, Fill, and Page 232). Behavioral criteria involve use of behavioral constructs such as product usage, purchase, and ownership to segment consumer markets. With the increasing sophistication of laundry detergent buyers we shall segment our market into two: (1) low-income, playschool parents – who have children younger than four years old, who purchase their laundry detergents at supermarkets or convenience stores. The laundry detergent will be for washing children wear. (2) The second target market shares all attributes with (1) except in this case we will be targeting primary school parents, who have children between ages 5 – 9 years. Young parents are high users of laundry detergents because of the need to keep their children, who change clothes at least twice a day, clean. Though this market segment tends to be loyal to their brands, we are targeting the low-income parents who are much keener than their high-income counterparts to try out new offerings. Though we may have to put a low price on our products to satisfy the low-income market, we anticipate high volumes because this demographic group tends to have more children than the high income counterparts. Our target market (2) will also feed from target market (1) as the children grow and their parents become loyal to our brand. Our biggest competitor shall be Procter & Gamble’s Dreft and Ivory Snow. Dreft’s value proposition is that it â€Å"helps remove tough baby stains, pediatrician recommended and the first choice of mothers

Risk management (casa study of British American Topacco Pls(BAT)) Essay

Risk management (casa study of British American Topacco Pls(BAT)) - Essay Example In the year 2009, the subsidiaries of the company enabled global governments to earn over  £26 billion in a financial year from taxes together with excise duty on their product. The subsidiary companies of BAT operate in 41 countries producing through 50 cigarette factories around 724 billion amounts of cigarettes. The company employs around 60,000 people globally. The organisational decisions are made keeping in view certain policies, strategies, standards, and delegated authorities. The benefit of local stakeholders to a business is the pivotal point in any organisational decision. The management of BAT is also conscious about their operating responsibilities as they produce products which pose risk related to the health aspects. The company works coherently with thousands of global tobacco farmers. These attributes have made the company a leading global giant in the tobacco industry. In this report, the inherent risks associated with any organisation will be analysed. Stakeholde rs’ benefit is a significant part of any business. They are generally concerned about their losses and gains from any business before investing in it. Therefore, the manager of any business has to try and mitigate any risks related to any business for shareholders to keep faith in the organisational business policies and initiatives and thus enabling them to consider making further investments into the business. The corporate governance process also is an integral part of any business organisation, as they have to carry out their financial activities as well as their organisational activities keeping in view the regulations of corporate governance (British American Tobacco, n.d.). Risk is an integral part of any business venture. Therefore, there is a need to properly manage risk in order to maximise the benefits from a business and reduce the damage which may be caused due to the risk associated with it. Risk management is a very

Forks over knives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forks over knives - Essay Example d that children from the country’s affluent parts consumed plenty of animal-processed foods that exposed them to a higher risk of getting liver cancer in their later years. As for Esselstyn, his discovery comes from his experiences as a surgeon as he realizes that several of the diseases he regularly treats are practically unheard of in parts of the world where animal-processed foods are not consumed. Fulkerson bases the film on investigations conducted by the two researchers as from the 1980s when they initially meet. In an attempt to convince people that plant-based and whole foods have the potential of reversing lifestyle diseases and degenerative ailments, he features the pioneering study by Campbell and Esselstyn in China. Fulkerson includes alarming data on the huge sums of money spent on medical bills and the high number of Americans that are obese; to paint the grim picture that is reality. This is helpful in raising awareness and making it clear that changes in one’s diet need to start now. Fulkerson also trails the lives of a chosen set of patients who have taken on a plant-based diet and witnessed positive changes in just a short while. The positive changes include remarkable improvements in cholesterol levels, blood pressure and arterial occlusions. The illustration of these stories brings on great persuasive value to the message of the films adding on is the fact that Fulkerson gets on a similar diet himself. These affirmative effects coupled with scenarios of places such as New Guinea where regenerative ailments are unknown and foods consumed are purely plant-based, brings out the simple fact that animal protein is detrimental to one’s health (Groen). Featuring nutrition experts and celebrity cameos, he comes out to dismiss all the myths about fish and chicken being the best source of proteins while milk being the easily digestible way of getting calcium. He, therefore, through Caldwell and Esselstyn, emphasizes on adopting a diet that

Perception of female leaders Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Perception of female leaders - Thesis Example This ideal would be wrongfully assumed to be true in general. In the same way that it is erroneous to presume that the current position of women has continued to progress backwards. In many industries it would be accurate to suppose that the trend of having ‘boy’s clubs’ is still at play. Businesses such as Information Technology and others that are similar in nature are well regarded as a majority men’s field. The ratio of men to women in population would no doubt be in favor of men. In such cases, it can be assumed that women will have a more arduous task in proving themselves in the workplace before they can gain the respect and opportunity to work in a higher position. This difference in gender is something that cannot be disregarded as such remains to be an underlying factor in and thus regarded deliberately in this paper. Women are identified towards what can only be regarded as instinctive leadership style in comparison to a more practical problem solving approach employed by men. This is not to say that one is extensively better than the other or vice versa. What it merely indicates is that there is a difference, nothing more and nothing less. Men and women are coexistent upon one another and both are fundamental in the workplace and in the broader spectrum of life. This is to say in a deductive manner that as constantly and as our creation suggests that men and women complement each other. In history, as the man hunts, the woman prepares the game and serves it to the family. Suppose that in the present the woman hunts and proves that she is as efficient, would her labor be regarded as any different? The answer is obvious and the answer is no. Just as the man was able to provide food in the table, the woman, in however diverse her hunting style may be supplied the same and equal nourishment for the household. If she turns out to be a good