Women Inventors A to Z Biography List

Ladies Inventors beginning to end Biography List This is a beginning to end rundown of mainstream ladies creators that we have progressively broad data on: memoirs, pictures, courses of events, and other media. The Directory contains a lot more names, in any case, a life story could possibly be accessible. Suggested ladies innovators accounts are bolded. A Randi Altschul Virgie Ammons Mary Anderson Dorothy Arzner B Patricia E. Shower Miriam E. Benjamin Katherine Blodgett Bessie Blount Sarah Boone C Josephine Garis Cochran Marie Curie D, E, F Helen Free G Frances Gabe Sarah E. Goode Bette Nesmith Graham Sanctuary Grandin H Ruth Handler Joycelyn Harrison Beauty Hopper I, J, k Mary Phelps Jacob Marjorie Stewart Joyner Anna Keichline Margaret Knight Stephanie Louise Kwolek L, M N, O, P, Q, R Lyda Newman Julie Newmar Ellen Ochoa T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z Harriet Tubman Madame Walker Mary Walton -

Essay Sample on Criminal Law and Procedure

Exposition Sample on Criminal Law and Procedure Criminal law and methodology paper: Lately, criminal method place the heaviness of proof for the indictment, which means it is crafted by the arraignment side to validate that the respondent is responsible over any discerning vulnerability. This is as opposed to having the litigant authenticate that he/she is innocent, and all vulnerabilities decided on the side of the respondent. The law likewise allows the litigant the opportunity to lawful promoter and any respondent who can't bear the cost of a legal advisor furnished with one by the legislature. The normal guideline in law orders that significant demonstrate is satisfactory except if the law suggests something else. Noise and bits of gossip not considered as proof except if the respondent concedes to expressing the words asserted against him. Any data accomplished unlawfully to be utilized as apparent was excused to be named as legitimate proof in an official courtroom. The position to preclude unlawful proof in Australia is completely under the precedent-based law and on legal prerequisites. Its trite law that in criminal continuing of all ward that an individual is blameless till demonstrated blameworthy. The weight of evidence of every criminal case lies on the arraignment. The proposed alterations to the Uniform Evidence Act of 1995 are such that, in situations where an individual is blamed for offenses against the individual or property, and such individual had various three past feelings of comparable offenses, such proof of conviction might be showed in court against the individual. As I would like to think if such a revision is permitted, it would naturally result to an unnatural birth cycle of equity in the courts of Australia. Such a change additionally truly sabotages the standard of assumption of blamelessness and makes doubt with regards to the guiltlessness of the denounced, as noted on account of Perry v R 1982 44 ALR. In 1982 the litigant was attempted and indicted for endeavoring to kill her better half by poison. The arraignment proof against the litigant was that; in addition to the fact that her husbanded endure arsenic and lead harming while at the same time living with her, and that she was a recipient of a protection arrangement on her late spouse, there were three others had additionally passed on in the course of recent years, dwelling along with Ms. Perry, from an outcome ingesting unsafe substances. The respondent was indicted and upon Appeal the Australian High Court crushed the conviction in light of the fact that the passings of the three others ought not have been permitted in court. Proof of past feelings is among the sorts of proof that are not acceptable in a criminal preliminary in Australia. These sorts of proof are not permissible, not on the grounds that there is verification that the proof being illustrated is defective or sums it to a lie; yet for various reasons relying upon the circumstance. A genuine model is gossip and gossipy tidbits not considered as proof except if the litigant concedes to expressing the words guaranteed against him. Wrongfully acquired proof is additionally another case of proof not allowable in a court in South Whales and it’s environs The power to restrict unlawful proof in Australia is completely under the precedent-based law and on legal requirements.3 Opinions of people not esteemed to be specialists in a specific field are not acceptable as proof in any Australian court. Further, there is advantaged proof, for instance data shared between a legal advisor and his customer, or that between a minister and a humble durin g admission, which isn't permissible in a courtroom by virtue of it being favored. Admissions that are made under pressure are likewise not permissible in a courtroom. There is likewise a classification of proof that the court finds acceptable absent a lot of capability. This incorporates direct proof, which is chiefly founded on the witness’ individual perception which in the event that it is valid, demonstrates a specific certainty given by either group. Conditional proof is proof that gives an induction that a specific truth exist. Proving proof is additionally another class of proof promptly permissible. Its principle intention is to fortify starting proof submitted. Definite proof is any physical display that can be analyzed by the jury, while legal proof is proof assembled and concentrated with the assistance of science and other particular techniques. The proposed correction to the proof demonstration, adds up to what the law terms as biased proof. These are the thoughtful whose biased impact would over lap its probative worth, which by the standard on account of R v Christie (1904) AC 545 isn't acceptable. A criminal preliminary involves genuine offenses against the state, and when the blamed is confronting the court for law, the preliminary is significantly portrayed by the nearness of a jury. The respondent is given the condition of the case close by and is approached to take a request to the degree that he concur or can't help contradicting the charges as read to him. On the off chance that he consents to the cases the appointed authority quickly gives a decision as per the law yet on the off chance that the charged denies he is liable a case preliminary, at that point starts. The investigator starts by tending to the jury expressing unmistakably the body of evidence close by against the respondent. Witnesses are then interrogated by both the investigator and the defendant’s delegate. At the point when the sum total of what verification has been spoken to in the court the investigator and the respondent side presents their last contentions to the court and accurately to the jury, the appointed authority at that point offers leeway of how the law applies to the proof and the case in general. The jury is then furnished with some protection, to talk about finally the issue close by so generous decision can be made. On the off chance that the jury sees the blamed not as liable, the individual left free, in any case whenever saw as blameworthy then the appointed authority with an assignment of offering sentence to the denounced who at that point turns into a detainee. Unmistakably crafted by the jury is to inspect the verifiable purposes of the case and their rightness, while the adjudicator centers around the purposes of law. Legal law accommodates rules of gathering of proof in criminal preliminary and the method to be taken. If there should be an occurrence of focuses that are in conflict in a criminal preliminary, a legal strategy must be trailed by the two gatherings where one gathering gives proof to impact the court in his/her kindness. The law builds up procedures used to guarantee that the proof offered in court can be named as honest. Legal law controls the utilization of verification whether composed or oral and exhibitions in court procedures as proof to the case introduced. The custom-based law accommodates legal tact in situations where the proof gave isn't sufficiently legitimate or is unimportant area 137 of the custom-based law was required to give a practical methods for excluding master viewpoint proof of uncertain trustworthiness, all things considered this has not been along these lines, since segment 137 of the uniform proof law expresses that; â€Å"In a criminal continuing, the court must will not concede proof illustrated by the investigator if its probative worth is exceeded by the risk of out of line preference to the defendant† The proposed alterations being permitted on the beginning of preliminary move the outlook of the jury, as they expect the blame and not the honesty of the charged individual. Along these lines the entire procedure is then outfitted towards demonstrating that the blamed individual is guiltless for the supposed violations, putting the weight on the safeguard. This would thoroughly contort whatever mainstays of guaranteeing supreme redemption of equity our fore-fathers set up and therefore adding up to the charged individual being denied the privilege to a reasonable preliminary, a privilege dug in our constitution. The other explanation that for not permitting past conviction as proof is that, the jury might be enticed to accept that the manner in which an individual carries on previously, makes an example of his conduct and that they are bound to act in a similar way. Likewise, the jury may utilize this proof to evidence mens rea of the blamed individual. Plainly, this by deduction would imply that awful character proof is presently permissible in the official courtroom. On account of Perry v R 1982 44 ALR Murphy J expresses that, â€Å"common guess about impossibility of arrangement of occasions are frequently wrong†. He goes further to express that if the blamed is related with a grouping for passings, wounds or misfortunes, a jury may too promptly surmise that the affiliation is probably not going to be honest; a suspicion that could not be right under a specific conditions. Another method of reasoning for barring proof of past conviction is that, as destiny would have it, the realities of different examples of offense may make a jury be one-sided against the denounced individual. The instance of R v Bond (1906) 2 KB 389 Kennedy J noticed that once the proof of past feelings was let it be known would require enormous endeavors by the jury of an opportunity to see the denounced individual as other than an individual of corrupted character whose dubious proof, regardless of whether he was liable, couldn't be followed up on aside from where bo lstered the arraignment case. In any case, in law, there are special cases to each standard. The proof demonstration gives that it is Real for the crown to there is real for the Crown to illustrate comparable certainty proof against the charged and in the event that that denounced decides to affirm, at that point it is likewise real for the Crown to interrogate that blamed about that comparative actuality proof. The sorts of inquiries are required leave of court. End In understanding to the proposed changes, to be made in criminal law and system the recommendations gave are in understanding what has been in presence for quite a long time. In introducing proof in an official courtroom, different guidelines must be thought of, and the law must be deeply followed. The two gatherings must be familiar with the necessities of the law concerning the issue close by. For example, proof gave must be pertinent and non-hostile to the respondent. Upkeep of th

A Matter of Perspective The Invention of a Story in Martel’s Life of Pi - Literature Essay Samples

In Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi, Piscine â€Å"Pi† Patel is forced to relay his life story to condescending Japanese skeptics who refuse to believe his tale; they refer to it as nothing more than a fictional invention. Pi somewhat agrees with the men, but challenges their disbelief by saying, â€Å"Isn’t telling about something—using words, English or Japanese—already something of an invention? Isn’t just looking upon this world already something of an invention?† (Martel 302). Through this statement, the reader is reintroduced to a theme of the novel: the overall power of storytelling. Life really is a story, the invention of one’s own mind; Pi knows this, and the events of the novel show that his life is certainly a colorful, albeit seemingly hard to believe, tale.If life truly is a story, then the different aspects of this story are certainly a matter of perspective. One of the largest debates young Pi Patel must face is the nature of his religious practices. Instead of following one set of religious principles, Pi finds comfort in three completely different religious sects: Christianity, Islam, and the religion somehow instilled in him by his overly non-religious family, Hinduism: â€Å"So it went the first time I saw a Muslim pray—quick, necessary, physical, muttered, striking. Next time I was praying in a church—on my knees, immobile, silent before Christ on the Cross—the image of this callisthenic communion with God in the middle of bags of flour kept coming to my mind† (60). Upon confrontation by the local leaders of his three religions as to why he feels the need to practice multiple belief systems, Pi asserts â€Å"I just want to love God† (69). Being as young as he is, Pi does not see anything wrong with worshiping in three different ways; he only feels a drive to have a connection with a higher power through whichever means make this happen. At f irst, Pi is fascinated by the many stories the different religions have to offer. In this respect, the religious themes of the novel seem to play into the powerful influence that storytelling has to offer. Though these stories are widely accepted as a factual basis on which religion is based, this was certainly not always the case. Because of these stories, told countless times to innumerable amounts of people, an invention was created: a complete religion with dedicated followers.Another aspect of Pi’s life that is powerfully affected by the influence of stories is his relationship with animals. Having grown up in a zoo run by his father, exotic animals were a common sight to young Pi, and he formed his own relationships with them. These seemingly simple and childish relationships are stretched thin by his father: I learned the lesson that an animal is an animal, essentially and practically removed from us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (31). By showing Pi how violently a tiger kills a goat for food, his father instills a sense of fear into his son in hopes that he will never take a situation with a potentially dangerous animal like a tiger lightly, because they are â€Å"very dangerous† (34). During his time stranded on the ocean with the Bengal tiger, humanized by the name Richard Parker, Pi is able to form a sense of mutual respect with the tiger. This could potentially be due to his father’s extensive training with the animals over the years. A more likely explanation for this seemingly unbelievable phenomenon, though, is the fact that Pi apparently did not heed the warning in his father’s story and gave human qualities to the animals around him, mainly Richard Parker. With no human companionship to associate with, one is prone to make due with one’s surroundings and anything with which some type of bond can be made. No matter which case is more correct, Pi is able to survive because of the relationship he forms with Richard Parker. Life of Pi is a work of metafiction. There is story upon story, upon yet another story involved within this novel. In the Author’s Note at the very beginning of the novel, Martel is approached by a man promising that his story will make one believe in God. The story of Pi’s upbringing is told, alongside a journalist’s attempt at getting a story from an older Pi. Even in regards to Pi’s story of survival itself, he is asked by the Japanese men that visit him after he is found to change what really happened with the animals to something more believable involving human beings. There are several different layers to this novel, yet they all seem to play together in an altogether successful way to reveal aspects of the story that would otherwise have been left out.Stories, inventions created by their authors, no matter how big and involved or small and simple, play a large role in how we see our everyday lives. In fact, just living out our lives on a daily basis and processing the massive influx of information we receive makes us the authors of our own stories. What happens to us is completely different in someone else’s eyes. Pi states this fact in a very clear way: â€Å"The world isn’t just the way it is. It is how we understand it, no? And in understanding something, we bring something to it, no? Doesn’t that make life a story?† (302). Stories can be as basic or as outlandish as we feel the need to make them. As proven by Pi Patel, though, life truly is a story; all we have to do is tell it.

Language Acquisition Study Of How Humans Acquire A Set...

Language Acquisition Language acquisition is the study of how humans acquire a set of semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonological categories and rules that underlie their ability to speak and understand the language to which they are exposed. (Parker and Riley, 2005) Language is an understanding that truly makes us human. Yes, other species do communicate with an innate ability to produce a limited number of meaningful words, but there is no other species that can express sentences with speech sounds and words. This ability is truly remarkable in itself. (Lemetyinen, H) What makes it even more remarkable is that researchers are finding evidence of this complex skill in increasingly younger children. Infants as young as 12 months are reported to have understanding to the grammar needed to recognize relevant sentences. After more than 60 years of research in child language development, the device that enables children to slice syllables and words out of the strings of sounds th ey hear, and to acquire grammar to understand and produce language is still quite an enigma. (Lemetyinen, H.) With this being said, there is more than one theorist that is trying to master this enigma. How children learn language is such a mystery to scientist, it is still being studied often. Children acquire their language in such a way that yet to this day cannot be described with just one accurate theory. The Behaviorist Theory One of the earliest studies of language acquisition was doneShow MoreRelatedLanguage Development Paper3685 Words   |  15 PagesLanguage Development 1 Language Development in Children Mary Reed Todd Athens State University Theories Stages in Language Development Language Development Paper July 25, 2011 Language Development 2 Language Development in Children Introduction Read MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressedRead More The Ebonics Controversy Essay examples5572 Words   |  23 PagesAmerican Vernacular English (AAVE),Jive, Rappin, even the derogatory term of Nigger Talk(Shabaz). The words language anddialect are ambiguous and often interchanged when they should not be, because of the confusion they can elicit. For my own use of the terms, I draw on the commonly available reference book, Websters New World Dictionary. I will use the word language to signify the vocal sounds, words, and the ways of combining them, common to a particular nation. When the termRead MoreSkripsi Bahasa Inggris16760 Words   |  68 PagesTECHNIQUE OF PRESENTATION AT NATYA LANGUAGE SERVICE AND PROGRAM SKRIPSI BY: DIANA AMALIYAH VERAWATI NINGSIH NRM: 99220056 JURUSAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA 2005 ABSTRACT TECHNIQUE OF PRESENTATION AT NATYA LANGUAGE SERVICE AND PROGRAM NAME : DIANA AMALIYAH VERAWATI NINGSIH NRM : 99220056 PROGRAM : S-1 MAJOR : PENDIIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS FACULTY : FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI INSTITUTION : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA A research thatRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 Pagesdevelopment smoother and more continuous? †¢ How do children develop physically, and how does this affect their behaviour and learning? †¢ What is the best way to characterize students’ cognitive development? How might knowledge of students’ cognitive development influence the way you teach? †¢ How does language develop? What is the best way to teach students to communicate verbally? PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Exploring How Children Develop Language Development Developmental Why Studying Issues

My Childhood Has Been Surrounded By Stories - 1266 Words

My childhood has been surrounded by stories, whose casts and settings are as real and fantastical as any fairytale. Masterfully orchestrated, these stories have been brought to life by the people that have survived decades to tell them, people I love dearly but will never truly understand — my grandparents. A South Korean surgeon trapped on a North Korean farm; a razor-sharp loan shark of a mother in Haiti; a sibling-favoring geography teacher in South Korea; a proud doctor in Montreal. These strange and unknowable people are my ghosts, characters in unvisited places and unknowable times. These timeless moments are the fragments of my history, woven for me in that haphazard place between the real and the imaginary, the past and the present. These stories are the legacy of my grandparents. I am a stranger to their worlds, worlds that survive only in their memories. The people who once inhabited their lives becoming ghosts that inhabit mine. My grandmothers: one Haitian — Grandmama — and one Korean — Halmoni. Each from a wildly different culture and world and yet so similar to one another — smart, headstrong . . . rude to waiters. My Korean grandfather — Haraboji. Quiet, sweet, burps at the dinner table, and loved at the community gym where he has spent two hours, every day, for the past three years. And my Haitian grandfather — Grandpapa, who died in 2007, joining the rest of the ghosts in an almost-remembered place in my mind. When I think about my grandparents, IShow MoreRelatedGreen Stones901 Words   |  4 Pages1 How childhood experiences make the protagonist evolve in Doreen Baingana s short story â€Å"Green Stones†. The short story subject to study is â€Å"Green Stones†written by Doreen Baingana, an Ugandan writer. â€Å"Green Stones† relates the story of a whole Ugandan family seen through the eyes of the youngest member of the family, Christine. Baingana portrays through the protagonist how perspectives change as people evolve and grow up. â€Å"Green Stones† is related in first person, and as said beforeRead MoreBefore Night Falls Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagescapturing our feelings and sympathy of the Cuban Revolution. Arenas wrote over twenty books, including ten novels and numerous short stories and poems. Arenas was not the only writer affected though as he states that, â€Å"All the literature of this century is somewhat burdened by the theme of uprootedness,† (Arenas, 36) which means every piece of literature surrounded the system of being exiled or the fear of being caught or doing wrong and being thrown out to vanish. 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A Report on the Fundamentals of Nursing

Question: Describe about competency and effective communication skill that may influence communication in your career as a nurse? Answer: Introduction: It is not only a belief but a fact that competency and effective communication skill may influence highly upon communication in a career as a nurse. More than ever before, individuals engaged in nursing profession require increased developed skills for communicating sensitively as well as in a collaboratively manner in various context. For an individual engaged in nursing profession, the capability of communicating is considered as a vital skill and integral part of his job. Nurses are required to speak to people belonging to different educational, social, and cultural backgrounds(Sherratt Bell, 2014). They are required to undertake such communication practices in the most effective, careful, and professional way. Effective communication needs a clear understanding of the patients and their expressed experiences. This needs key skills as well as sincere aim for nurses to understand all that concern the patient. It is not just enough for the nurses to understand their patients but also delivering the message of their understanding (Sherratt Bell, 2014). This reflects their feelings as well as capabilities. The foremost thing to do on the part of a nurse is to create a warm relationship with the patient. The patient should be made comfortable in a peaceful environment with no external distraction. This is possible only through effective communication and interaction with the patients. The therapeutic relationship happens to be a key prerequisite in effective communication amidst a nurse and that of a patient for not only conveying information, but also address mental processes effectively that are activated by it. The interaction amidst a nurse as well as a patient involves the capability to ex press sincere concern for the patients care. Communication with all patients forms a part of the long standing art of Hippocratic medicine (Cosgrave, 2006). It not only relies upon the innate ability which varies from individual to individual, but also upon essential training as well as experience acquired by an individual nurse. Effective communication leads in greater understanding amidst patients with increased benefits for patients as well as personal satisfaction of nurses in delivering their responsibilities. Effective communication is also helpful in improving the quality of care meant for the patients (Lambert Keogh, 2014). Having a career as a nurse means a great deal of responsibility in conducting an effective communication with all patients and other stakeholders. This is the foremost step for delivering responsibilities towards the profession. Conclusion: Thus, it is a widely accepted fact that developing as well as maintaining positive relationship with the patients is the most significant aspect of the process of treatment. Effective communications skills are considered to be the key tool in achieve this desirable outcome (Sherratt Bell, 2014). Since patients spend most of the time with the nurses during the treatment process, it becomes increasingly necessary for the nurses to know all the tactics for conducting effective and influential interaction with the patients. Such a process or approach ensures faster healing of patients as they feel cared and loved by the people around them. References Casey, A., Wallis, A. (2011). Effective communication: Principle of Nursing Practice E.Nursing Standard,25(32), 35-37. doi:10.7748/ns2011.04.25.32.35.c8450 Cosgrave, R. (2006). The importance of communication.Br J Cardiac Nursing,1(9), 403-403. doi:10.12968/bjca.2006.1.9.21771 Lambert, V., Keogh, D. (2014). Health literacy and its importance for effective communication. Part 2.Nursing Children And Young People,26(4), 32-36. doi:10.7748/ncyp2014.05.26.4.32.e387 Sherratt, A., Bell, A. (2014). Fall risks: the importance of staff communication.Nursing And Residential Care,16(8), 432-437. doi:10.12968/nrec.2014.16.8.432

Lorenzos Oil Essays - Methylphenidate, RTT, , Term Papers

Lorenzos Oil Larry Hood Project IV STEPS 2 & 3 Article 1 1. What is property P? Increase in brain activity 2. What is the sample? The 16 boys 3. What is the population? All children 4. What is the implicit question? Why is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD. 5. What is not the implicit question? Do all children have a property p? 6. What type of argument? Sampling 7. what did they look at? They looked at 16 children who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not. 8. IQ: Is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD? 9. NOT: Do all children have a difference in brain function? Schematization S1 6% of school children suffer from ADHD and require medication. S2 They looked at 16 children between 8 and 13 who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not.. S3 Ritalin is the drug used to treat children with hyperactive and aggressive behavior. S4/C1 ADHD children react differently than normal kids when given Ritalin S5 Children with ADHD exhibit problems like poor listening and poor impulse control.. S6 Healthy children have a decrease in brain activity when given Ritalin. C2 Ritalin has no positive effect on behavior in healthy children Article 2 1. What type of argument? Correlation 2. What is A ? GIK treatment (glucose insulin and potassium) 3. What is B? Reduction in heart attack deaths. 4. Causal Mechanism? Clogged arteries 5. What is the implicit question? Why does oxygen nourishment (GIK)to the heart reduce heart attack deaths? 6. NOT- What caused a reduction I Heart attacks? 7. Which rival explains why a and b occur together? Forward cause Rival - Those that received treatment did not have clogged arteries. The argument in the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the GIK treatment and B the reduction in heart attack deaths. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of a prior study. This study was originally conducted in 1960. And had showed and overall reduction in heart attack death rate by half. This study was discarded however because of poorly conducted clinical tests. These tests led many doctors to doubt that it worked. The study conducted called GIK for glucose, insulin and potassium nourishes t65he heart muscle that are deprived of oxygen immediately following a heart attack. The causal mechanism are clogged arteries that reduce the flow of oxygen to the heart. The researches need to continue the study of the treatment along with the treatment for clogged arteries to consider this a strong argument. Many of the findings are undermined by the fact that many of the patients that survived were receiving clot busting drugs combined with the G IK treatment. This is relevant data to support the conclusion. S1 Patients who received the GIK treatment combined with clot busting drugs have a better chance of surviving a heart attack. S2 The treatment provides energy to the heart muscle during and immediately after a heart attack. C1 If doctors use the GIK treatment combined with clot busting drugs the heart attack death rate will decrease. Article 3 1. What is A? the CHD1 gene 2. What is B? Causes heart disease. 3. What is causal mechanism? Bad diet and lack of exercise 4. Is the Author saying one thing cause another? Yes 5. What is the implicit question? Why does the gene appear to promot heart disease? 6. NOT - What caused the heart disease. 7. This could be common cause because there are environmental factors that could be the cause of A and B. Rival - The gene caused the body to over produce cholesterol which collects in the arteries and cause blockage of blood flow to the heart. The argument for the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the CHD1 gene and B heart disease. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of the study of the 75 families who had a history of early heart disease. The causal mechanism is Bad diet and lack of exercise. Relevant data to support the conclusion would be causes of arterial blockage and how many of the children had high levels of cholesterol. If the children had high levels of cholesterol in their blood this would be relevant data to support the conclusion. I believe this is a weak argument. S1 10% of the families in the study were

Reflection Activity essayEssay Writing Service

Reflection Activity essayEssay Writing Service Reflection Activity essay Reflection Activity essayIncrease in the rate of social and economic life, the growth of information, and the rise in the quality requirements of higher education objectively necessitated the high activity of the student in his daily training activities. Thus, the problem of time management is very important for me.After reading three online articles, I found that all articles are very useful for their readers because they include many time management tips, discussing almost the same things but in different words. But choosing one article, I think that the article â€Å"Time Management 101 for Online Student† is the most helpful to me. This article gave me an understanding that it is impossible to manage time, but it is possible to consider time management as â€Å"managing yourself†. This idea changed my attitude to time management and allowed me to choose more effective strategies to improve my productivity.Dwelling on the tip, taking from the articles, I would like t o create a special checklist of all things that I need to accomplish. It will help me not to hold all things to do in mind and to check them off in the period of their completion.   It seems to me that a person needs to have an independent mind for the purpose of adopting the attitude of critical thinking because only a free thinker is able not to be dependent on the opinion of other people. The next two characteristics of a great importance are open-mindedness and a natural curiosity because they will help a person to investigate various viewpoints which are different from the own and to produce the decision on the base of own attitude to the issue.Recently I have encountered some critical thinking hindrances which were based on basic human limitations. These limitations demonstrated that there are no perfect people, and human understanding of all the information, including some facts and memories, is based on existing experience. So, it is necessary to be more adequate in reacti ng on the issue at hand.To conclude, I have discussed several issues connected with time management and critical thinking, and realized that the use of some tips may improve my life and help me not only control my time, but also make some changes in reactions on ordinary things.

The Mezquita Mosque Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Mezquita Mosque - Research Paper Example It is the third largest mosque in the world and also one of the oddest, because it contains a Christian cathedral that was built inside it after the Moors got expelled in 1236. The graceful Moorish architecture combined with the triumphant Baroque cathedral memorializes in stone the conflict between Christianity and Islam that wracked Spain for 700 years. The Mezquita mosque was built in 785 and enlarged four times during the following 200 years; the cathedral was added in the 16th century. (Brockman, 2011, pg. 330) The Mezquita Mosque was founded by Abd ar-Rahman I in 785. Rahman I was the sole survivor of a tribe known as the Umayyards who fled Syria. Before Rahman I, the first Muslims who arrived to Cordoba shared la Mezquita with Christians. Rahman I bought the Christians out and started what would become a seven century dynasty of Muslim rule over Spain. After Rahman I died, he was followed by Abd ar-Rahmann II (822-52), who vastly extended the Mosque in the ninth century and un der Abd ar-Rahman III (912-61), Cordoba rose to become the largest and most prosperous city in Europe. Improvements on the Mosque continued under his son Al-Hakim II (961-76) who doubled its size and hired Greek contractors to build the new Mihrab (huge doorway used as the entrance to the Mezquita), which stands to this day. The final improvement in size, on the mosque, came under Al-Mansour (977-1002). (Ward, pg. 151) The Mezquita Mosque is a patchwork combination of all civilizations that occupied Cordoba. None, however, could bring themselves to destroy the Mosque, so each culture added their own personal touches. (Ward, pg. 151) Cordoba was probably a sophisticated center of the arts from the time of ‘Abd al-Rahman I. Chronicles suggest his keen interest in Syrian culture, which is apparently confirmed by aspects of the Mezquita. (Bloom, J.M., and Blair, S., 2009, pg. 506) The mosque began as the Christian Visigothic church of St. Vincent around 600, which was in turn buil t on the ruins of a Roman temple. In 784, the local emir bought it and began replacing it with the mosque. It got enlarged and embellished over the next two hundred years. (Brockman, 2011, pg. 331) The architectural uniqueness of the Mezquita lies in the fact that it was a revolutionary building for its time, structurally speaking. It defied precedents. Both Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock and the Great Mosque in Damascus had vertical, navelike designs, but the aim of the Mezquita mosque was to create an infinitely spacious, democratically horizontal and classic space, where the spirit could roam freely and communicate easily with God. The original space of Islamic prayer (normally the open yard of a desert home) was transformed into a 14,400 square meter metaphor for the desert itself. Men prayed side by side on the argamasa, a floor made of compact, reddish slaked lime and sand. A flat roof, decorated with gold and multicolored motifs, shaded them from the sun. The orange pati o, where the ablution fountains gurgled with water, was the oasis. The terracotta and white striped arches indicated a hallucinogenic forest of date palms, and upheld the roof with over one thousand columns, 1293 to be precise, (856 of which remain). (Ham, 2010, pg 204) Construction of the Mezquita It is almost certain that the building that

Camera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Camera - Essay Example The high creativity and innovation of new cameras such as smart phones, which have numerous uses apart from taking photographs may lead to the decline of sales and profits reaped by camera companies (Kurtz 79). This indicates that the product has reached the decline stage, and it may become extinct if the innovation of new photo taking gadgets continues. Introduction Stage This is the stage when the product enters the market the first time, and firms reap low sales and profits because they conduct intense marketing to attract customers (Kurtz 30). The camera was first introduced in the market during the proto globalization period that began in the sixteenth century. Human intelligence increased during this period leading to the invention of various objects such as the wheel and the camera. The first camera, known as obscura, took inverted images that were not saved on any material. The object was as big as a house, and it allowed photographs of one person only. The camera had a hole through which light passed and formed inverted images of the objects in front of the gadget. The images taken by the camera were unclear and unattractive. The inventors of the product later developed portable cameras that increased the need for photography in the world (Joanne 65). Image of the first camera obscura (writtenshots.wordpress.com) Image taken using camera obscura (fineartamerica.com) Growth Stage The growth stage is the second phase of product development, which involves increases in sales and profits. Organizations reap higher benefits in this stage than in the introductory phase because of the incoming of new customers. During this stage, new firms begin producing the good so that they can reap the high profits and sales in the industry (Kurtz 84). In the introductory stage of the camera, Kodak was the only company that produced the product. However, new companies such as Nixxon and Sony entered the industry. The growth stage also involves the addition of features to the products to make them more attractive to existing customers. The additional features also help companies in attracting new users, and this enables them to recover they capital they invest in the production of the good. Eastman, the director of Kodak developed the camera by enabling the saving of images in films. The films were of limited length meaning that they would save a limited number of images. Users of the camera went back for film refilling to the companies where they bought the product when the existing space finished. The images saved on the films were also produced by the producing companies when there was no additional space in a film (Joanne 76). This meant that customers would wait for numerous days to view their pictures. The photographs taken using the film cameras were not also clear; although they were better than those of the obscura. The film camera (www.retrothing.com) Image taken using the film camera (www.shootingfilm.net) Instant cameras were also develop ed during the growth stage of the product life cycle. This is the camera that enabled consumers to recover their photographs immediately. Users did not have to wait for days or months to see their photographs like they did with the film camera (Joanne 93). The invention of this camera increased the sales of Kodak and other companies in the industry. This is because they attracted new customers and recovered sales from those who were dissatisfied by the extensive periods taken to produce

Introduction to britich politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to britich politics - Essay Example The beginning of conservatism dated back in the Great War in Britain. During this time, powerful debates about the soul and the thoughts of conservatism were widely spread. The participants were mainly the prominent historians who were the great thinkers in the society. The historians had many arguments in common about the nature of the human beings. However, their areas of specialization differed in terms of the interpretation of issues. They were always aligned to particular political classes. The prominent historians often had chances to address huge multitudes that eventually purchased their works thereby promoting their doctrines further. Many people also read their works in print media as well as in television and radio. They were a great inspiration to the people. The conservatism that exists in the current day in Britain can be traced back in the mid 1750s to early 1800. This came as a reaction to the swift changes and a series of prospects that faced the nation as well as other neighboring European nations. During this period, the Torry party was transformed in to the conservative party. This mainly came as a result of the electoral reforms in 1832 that was aimed at educating the conservatives on ways in which they could become productive and self reliant in the society. This came as a result of the common believe that personal initiatives are usually more effective in bringing the desired results than those that are done communally. Conservatism in the Britain is somehow interrelated with that of other Western Nations (Daunton 1995 pp.27-31). However, it is unique in a way that distinguishes it from the others. Conservatism in Britain established in under the patronage of renowned historians. The torry party was the first to establish the original characteristics of conservatism. It was later transformed in to the conservative party. The

Effect Of The Environment On Western Settlers Essay -- essays research

Effect of the Environment on Western Settlers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the country grew and expanded, the American people where always one to push their bounds. In 1763, we proudly, defied England's proclamation of the year, and settled west of the Appalachian mountains. A little later, the westward people pushed Indians, animals, and society to a place where no American person had gone before. But all the while, one important factor determined where they transported themselves, where they settled, and what they did when they got there. This factor, the environment, profoundly affected the settlers way of life, and other factors, such as the Indians and the railroad, only aggravated a pre-existing condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The settlers of the late 1800's had only one way to get to the west- along the pre-existing routes established by the courier-de-bois, Spanish settlers, and the Indians of the past. These routes, which flowed through the only passable areas of the Rockies, naturally led to Oregon and California, which caused an increase in the population of these regions at the time. These trails, such as the Oregon Trail to the north, the Mormon and Spanish Trail to the south, and the California and Overland trails in between were very rough and bumpy, making the trek no easy task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the home front, the environment played an important role on the family life as well.. Women had a more prominent role in society as w...

Avian Influenza Essay

Avian Influenza, also known as bird flu, is a zoonotic disease with several different subtypes that affect mostly other birds, but few can be transmitted to humans. The most prevalent avian influenza virus in humans is the highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) virus, which has caused over 380 confirmed cases in 15 countries (Rabinowitz, 2010). Majority of cases have been transmitted via bird-to-human, with rare cases of human-to-human transmission. Continued exposure to the virus not only poses the threat of ongoing morbidity and mortality, but also the threat of H5N1 being able to adapt and change allowing sustained human-to-human transmission. (Rabinowitz, 2010). Human exposure to H5N1 begins with the natural host for the virus, wild birds, which is then transmitted to domestic birds, and then finally reaching humans as a host. Starting with wild birds, most commonly waterfowl, the virus lives in the intestines and is shed through fecal matter, saliva, and nasal secretions. Most wild birds are resistant to infections associated with avian influenza A. Wild birds are exposed to the virus when they come into contact with contaminated nasal, respiratory, or fecal material from infected birds, most commonly fecal to oral transmission (Korteweg & Gu, 2010). Transmission to domestic birds, mainly poultry, can occur with direct contact with infected birds or indirect exposure through contaminated dirt, cages, water, and feed. Domestic birds have little to no resistance to the virus and suffer serious health issues, often resulting in death (Influenza Viruses, 2005). In the case a human is infected with H5N1, transmission routes are either through direct contact or indirect contact. Direct contact consists of people holding, catching, hunting, or playing with unknowingly infected birds. Slaughtering, defeathering, processing and preparing poultry for consumption are other ways a person can be infected through direct contact. Examples of indirect contact are touching contaminated surfaces and materials, swimming in or washing with contaminated water, living and working in areas with contaminated air, or ingesting the active virus in contaminated food (Rabinowitz, 2010). There is little evidence supporting human-to-human transmission and few cases have been confirmed. From what is known, intimate and close contact with infected individuals are possible routes of transmission (Avian Influenza A, 2005). The potential for H5N1 to develop into a strain easily transmissible from person to person in a sustained matter poses as a threat for a possible pandemic infection (Influenza Viruses, 2005). Signs and symptoms associated with H5N1 are much like those of the more common seasonal flu virus; fever, headache, sore throat, cough and rhinitis. Other symptoms include conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal complications, shortness of breath, lower respiratory problems, rhinorrhea, myalgia, diarrhea, leukopenia, lymphophenia, impaired liver function, renal impairment, and prolonged blood clotting (Apisarnthanarak, 2004). As of March 2011, over 530 confirmed human cases of H5N1 have been found in 15 countries since 2003 (WHO image 1), 85% occurring within Asian countries. Countries with the highest prevalence rates are Vietnam, Egypt, and Indonesia. Median age of those infected is 18 years old (Korteweg & Gu, 2010). A contributing behavioral factor associated with the disease being more prevalent in children and young adults is the age groups participation in the slaughter, defeathering and cooking of poultry (Smallman-Raynor & Cliff, 2008). H5N1 had not been seen in humans prior to 1997, first presenting itself in China. The virus was then seen again in humans in 2003, in Vietnam and again in China. By 2007, H5N1 had spread to Cambodia, Indonesia, Azerbaijan, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, Laos, Myanmar, Nigeria and Pakistan (Smallman-Raynor & Cliff, 2008). The following public health organizations have been working closely together to track and control recent outbreaks: World Health Organization (WHO), Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (Smallman-Raynor & Cliff, 2008). WHO has been responsible for providing recent data and statistics regarding H5N1 in humans. Avian Influenza is covered by GAR, WHO’s Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, which is responsible for monitoring and keeping surveillance on the disease. OIE is responsible for reporting recent data relating specifically o outbreaks of avian influenza in animals. FAO, working collaboratively with OIE and WHO, â€Å"sets the context for national and regional strategies, policies, programs and projects designed to control and prevent the disease (Strategy and Policy)† from spreading. According to a study by Smallman-Raynor and Cliff (2008), fatality rates for H5N1 are greater than 50% in observed cases, which is mu ch higher than the common flu virus. The virus has spread to over fifty countries on three continents, being labeled as a panzootic disease (animal disease equivalent to a pandemic in humans). H5N1 first crossed species barriers to humans in 1997 and has extended its host range to several other mammals, causing severe disease and death. An approach to control the spread of this disease amongst birds has been culling of exposed birds, quarantine and disinfecting. However, Avian Influenza continues to spread due in part to migratory birds becoming infected (Smallman-Raynor & Cliff, 2008). The virus’s ability to evolve poses as threat and is currently classified by WHO at Phase 3 of the global pandemic alert for influenza.

Blister Beetles, Family Meloidae

Few North American species of blister beetles will actually cause blisters, but its still smart to be cautious when handling members of the beetle family Meloidae. Theres some debate over whether blister beetles are pests (because the adults feed on many agricultural crops and can be hazardous to livestock), or beneficial predators (because the larvae ​consume the young of other crop-eating insects, like grasshoppers). Description Blister beetles look superficially similar to members of some other beetle families, such as the soldier beetles and darkling beetles. Blister beetles, however, do have some unique features that will help you identify them. Their elytra appear leathery and soft, rather than rigid, and the forewings wrap around the sides of the beetles abdomen. The blister beetles pronotum is usually cylindrical or rounded, and narrower than both the head and the base of the elytra. Most adult blister beetles are medium in size, although the smallest species measures just a few millimeters in length and the largest can reach 7 centimeters long. Their bodies are generally elongate in shape, and their antennae will be either filiform or monofiliform. While many are dark or drab in color, particularly in the eastern U.S., some do come in bright, aposematic colors. Look for blister beetles on flowers or foliage. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – ColeopteraFamily - Meloidae Diet Adult blister beetles feed on plants, particularly those in the legume, aster, and nightshade families. Although rarely considered a major crop pest, blister beetles do sometimes form large feeding aggregations in plants. Many blister beetles consume the flowers of their host plants, while some feed on the foliage. Blister beetle larvae have unusual feeding habits. Some species specialize in eating grasshopper eggs, and for this reason, are considered beneficial insects. Other blister beetle larvae eat the larvae and provisions of ground-nesting bees. In these species, the first instar larvae may hitch a ride on an adult bee as it flies back to its nest, and then settle in to eat the bees offspring. Life Cycle Blister beetles undergo complete metamorphosis, like all beetles, but in a somewhat unusual way. The first instar larvae (called triungulins) usually have functional legs, well-developed antennae, and are quite active. These young larvae need to move because they are parasitoids and must find their hosts. Once theyre settled in with their host (such as in a bee nest), each successive stage is typically less active, and the legs gradually diminish or even disappear. This larval development is referred to as hypermetamorphosis. The final instar is a pseudopupa stage, during which the beetle will overwinter. Depending on the species and environmental conditions, the blister beetle life cycle may last as long as three years. Most species will complete a full life cycle within one year, however. Special Behaviors and Defenses Blister beetles are usually soft-bodied and may seem vulnerable to predators, but they arent defenseless. Their bodies produce a caustic chemical called cantharidin, which they exude from their leg joints when threatened (a defensive strategy called reflex bleeding). Meloid species with high levels of cantharidin can cause skin blisters when handled, giving these beetles their common name. Cantharidin is an effective repellent for ants and other predators but can be extremely toxic if ingested by people or animals. Horses are particularly susceptible to cantharidin poisoning, which can occur if their hay feed is contaminated with blister beetle remains. Range and Distribution Blister beetles are most diverse in arid or semi-arid regions of the world, though widely distributed. Globally, blister beetle species number close to 4,000. In the U.S. and Canada, there are just over 400 documented blister beetle species. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitney Cranshaw and Richard Redak.Beetles of Eastern North America, by Arthur V. Evans.Family Meloidae – Blister Beetles, Bugguide.net. Accessed online January 14, 2016.Blister beetle, Texas AM University Department of Entomology website. Accessed online January 14, 2016.Blister Beetles: Pest or Beneficial Predator?, Washington State University Fact Sheet (PDF). Accessed online January 14, 2016.

Assignment Question Discuss The Ways Business Essays - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1695 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Culture denotes the way people lead their lives. Corrado (1996) says that culture has an impact on a persons life which can be seen in his consumption behavior also. For example Indians eat their food with their hands and some of them may lick their fingers too, whereas Chinese use chopsticks to ear noodles. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assignment Question Discuss The Ways Business Essays" essay for you Create order An Englishman on the other hand may not relish his food until and fork and knife are given to him. All this forms a part of the culture which pervades all forms of living standards. As far as the definition of culture is concerned, culture is defined differently by different thinkers. For example, Hofstede (1980, P.21) defines culture as the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from another. Tylor (1871) defined culture as that complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, laws, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Ronen (1986, p.18) sees culture as the frame of reference of individuals, and Harris and Moran (1987, p.102) discuss the mental frameworks which groups, organizations and nations develop. Kluckhohn (1951, p. 86) provides that the fundamental webs of culture constitute a patterned way of thinking, acting, feeling and interpreting. Hofstede (2001) defines culture as software of the mind which provides a guide for humans on how to think and behave Hill (2009) asserts that culture has an influence on conduct of international business and a marketer cannot succeed unless and until he understands the various cross cultural influences which have an influence on demand of consumers in the market. Impact of culture on International business and implications for Multinational enterprises Hollensen (2004) describe culture as the learned ways in which a society understands, decides and communicates. Daniel and Malhotra (1993), contends that culture differs among different countries and without keeping in mind the cross cultural characteristics which may have an impact on consumption pattern of consumers, an international marketer cannot succeed in the market. Thus culture has an important meaning for the international marketer and its implications for multinational enterprises can be understood through a number of examples which highlight the importance of understanding culture for an international marketer. Hill (2009) asserted that culture of a country influences the cost of doing business in a country. Prince and Hoppe (2004) say that a company incurs heavy cost of doing business in a foreign country if it enters the country without understanding the culture of the host country. Hill (2009) demonstrates that a multinational corporation should know that there are d ifferences in work related practices in different countries. For example, there are some cultures which observe more holidays than others. A company entering such a cultural backdrop must adjust the scheduling of labor accordingly even if this involves extra costs. Hofstede (1980) in his study at International business machines (IBM) have identified that an international marketer needs to understand four dimensions before entering into a new territory. These four dimensions include power distance, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity versus femininity. Hofstede (1980) argued that different countries have different scores on the above four variables. In his study, Hofstede (1980) rated twenty countries on a scale of 0 to 100. Hofstede (1980) showed that an international marketer before targeting a country should keep the scores in mind and accordingly formulate marketing strategy to target the market. Hill (2009) asserts that modification of str ategies by an international marketer will result in his success in the market. For example two different economies which consist of Pakistan and Arab countries represent more masculine and collective countries compared with feminine and individual North Europe, and as a result there are also some systematic differences in their values. An international marketer cannot target the countries in Pakistan and Arab economies with the same products as is done in case of North Europe. Hofstede (1980) further contends that culture includes values, norms, religion, language and social class in the society. All these cross cultural characteristics have to be kept in mind by the international marketer before targeting these countries. Hofstede five dimension model is shown below: (Source: https://www.provenmodels.com/files/d616c20f1759b51f1e57bf17ee4cafcc/five_dimensions_of_culture.gif) In 2001, Hofstede expanded his concept of culture by including a fifth dimension to the above four dime nsions. This dimension was termed as Confucian Dynamism or Long term Orientation by Hofstede. Hofstede (2001) contended that the dimension of Confucian Dynamism deals with the aspect of individual countries towards time, persistence, respect for traditions and reciprocation of gifts and favors among the individuals in the country. Hofstede in his initial study has highlighted the fundamental building blocks of culture. Hofstede (1980) contended that culture includes values and norms. Values are concerned with ideas as to what society believes to be good, right and desirable (Hofstede 1980) According to Hofstede; values include the attitude of individuals towards their freedom, loyalty, justice, responsibility and personal relations. On the other hand norms are the rules and regulations which prescribe the behaviors which should be followed by individuals in certain situations. Hofstede (1980) has contended that by understanding the cultural dimensions a company can target the consum ers by providing products which suit to the culture of respective country. There are many examples of companies which have gained success in the market by understanding the culture of the country. Cross cultural issues have an impact on multinational enterprises because they influence the cost of doing business in the country. These examples highlight the importance of considering cross cultural issues which need to be understood by the marketers before framing adequate marketing strategies for targeting the company. For example, Shoji (1991) discussed the case of DeBeers which is a raw diamond supplier in many countries. Shoji (1991) showed how by understanding the cross cultural differences the company gained success in a situation which was deemed as failure. The company ran its advertisement of diamonds in Japan that showed western couples in evening dress which shows the standard mentality that equates diamond with grandeur. The company analyzed that its advertisement is not re sulting in addition of its sales. The company through a thorough analysis of Japanese culture learnt that Japanese woman do not smile and kiss their husbands when they receive diamonds as presents. Instead they shed a few tears and pretend they are angry at their husband for spending so much money. This presented the need for chaining advertisement by DeBeers to suit to the culture of the Japan. The company changed its Christmas campaign and showed a tired wage earner and his hard working wife in their tiny apartment. Upon receiving the sparkling present, she snaps at her extravagant spouse by saying Oh, You stupid! This advertisement was a marketing success, boosting the popularity of diamonds in Japan and showed the importance of understanding cross cultural issues by a multinational enterprise. Another example of not understanding cross cultural issues can be analyzed in the case of Ford (Kwintessential article 2008). The company introduced its new car Pinto in Brazil. The com pany observed that it has very good features but still its sale is not increasing. The company analyzed the reasons and find that its sales does not pick up because Brazilians did not want to be seen driving a car meaning tiny male genitals which was the meaning of Pinto in language of Brazil. The company changed the name of the car and observed that the car gained popularity in Brazil. Cassie (2007) in his article highlighted that even small products like a curling iron are inhibited by language. For example, Clairols Mist Stick forgot that Mist is a German slang word for manure. This resulted in failure of products. The thorough analysis of culture which includes language, religion, rituals and values and norms influences the cost of doing business in the country. Kwintessential article (2008) highlight that culture is the reason why many hotels in the USA or UK do not have a room number 13. Another example is of Nippon Airways which is operating in Japan and it do not have seat n umber 4 or 9 not considered auspicious Kwintessential article (2008). The article shows that apart from language, a company needs to be careful in using images also for the various advertisement campaigns. For example at one place the image may appear to be very attractive but the same image may result in retaliation in another country. It is very common to see the pictures of women wearing bikinis in advertisement posters in UK and US but such images would result in outrage and retaliation in Middle East. Another example of a mismatch between culture and product of a country can be seen in Africa where majority of food products sellers often show the pictures of food in the package because majority of people cannot read English. In this scenario, Gerber introduced its baby food with the picture of a cute little baby on the carton. This created horror in Africa among the consumers. The company has to change the carton to suit to the market. All these examples shows the need of under standing culture before introducing new products, new marketing or advertisement campaigns in a country and the inability of the company to follow this will result in failure of products as well as rise in cost of doing business in the country. An international marketer needs to understand the cross cultural issues apart from just understanding the economic environment of the host country. Culture has an influence on cost of doing business in a country and the failure or inability to understand cultural differences between countries has been the cause of many of the business and product failures. There are many examples of companies which have gained success or failure as a result of understanding or failure to understand cross cultural issues in international marketing arena. Hofstede (1980, 2001) in his model has identified the importance of understanding the various dimensions of culture by a marketer who is entering into a foreign market. In his studies of 40 countries, he has r ated various countries on the different dimensions of culture and has shown that before targeting a new country, an international marketer should ensure that culture of the country should be understood otherwise it would result in failure of product and loss of investment for the company.

Parenthood Is A Health Care Provider - 1730 Words

Planned Parenthood is a health care provider that focuses on supplying women and men of all ages and backgrounds with health care and sex education. This includes, but is not limited to, contraception, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, screenings for cancers, sexual education courses, and, most notably, abortions. Planned Parenthood finds itself at the center of much controversy specifically for its role in terminating pregnancies, as well as providing students with sex education instead of abstinence only programs. This controversy has led to debates over whether Planned Parenthood should receive federal and state funding, and whether its clinics should be closed altogether. There are two opposing claims in the debate over Planned Parenthood. A claim is an appeal that a specific issue needs to be addressed. In this case, one claim is that Planned Parenthood provides its patients with essential health care and sexual education and for that reason should receive full funding and recognition as a legitimate health care provider. The opposing claim is that Planned Parenthood should not receive federal or state funding and would preferably be shut down altogether because it commits murder when it aborts a baby and corrupts the minds of the youth by encouraging casual, even dangerous sex. Each of these claims is made by a claimsmaker, or a person who works to convince others that his or her issue needs to be paid attention to. In this case, each of theShow MoreRelatedParenthood : A Middle Ground1483 Words   |  6 Pagestransmitted infections, fertility, pregnancy care, and breast and cervical cancer no matter if they perform abortions. This has been reversed by President Trump. Trump has signed legislation to cut federal funding to Planned Parenthood and other groups that perform abortion. This was a move defended by conservatives that have demanded to impose curbs on reproductive rights. â€Å"Trump has showed ambivalence about planned parenthood, voicing support for its health- related services other than abortion, andRead MoreParenthood, A Non Profit Healthcare Group1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Planned Parenthood and the Constitutional Right to Abortions Planned Parenthood, a non-profit healthcare group has been under fire with the public hoping to defund the clinics. Planned Parenthood is a health care provider that was funded 100 years ago. In 1916 a Birth control organization was created by Margaret Sanger . When it was first created, it didn’t consider the health or rights of women as a motive. Instead it was founded in order to stop child labor and infant mortality (PrimroseRead MoreA Social Problem That Is Currently Occurring Is Rather1748 Words   |  7 Pagesrather federal funding should continue to keep Planned Parenthood open. Donald Trump has recently joined other Republicans in their vow to end federal funding for Planned Parenthood, solely based on the idea that Planned Parenthood health care services provide for patients to receive an abortion. The percentage of abortions that Planned Parenthood actually does are less than 3% (Planned Parenthood Statistics). Taking funds away from Planned Parenthood creates a pr oblem not only in America but internationallyRead MorePlanned Parenthood Is A Widely Known Nonprofit Organization.1046 Words   |  5 PagesPlanned Parenthood is a widely known nonprofit organization. They are the health care provider for millions of people within our nation. When people hear the words Planned Parenthood they automatically assume abortion. Yes, abortion is a service that they offer yet, they deliver much more than that. They deliver and educate us about birth control, cancer, men and women’s sexual health, pregnancy, sexual orientation and offer the Morning-After Pill (emergency contraception) and sexually transmittedRead MoreHealth At Stake . There Has Been A Recent Event Where The1441 Words   |  6 PagesHealth at Stake There has been a recent event where the House of Republicans defunded an organization for one whole year, which can save many lives. People rely heavily on Planned Parenthood, being the nation’s health care provider, as it provides them with reproductive health benefits. These benefits include, but are not limited to, access to contraception, cancer screenings, and basic preventative care. However, there are numerous amounts of people who concur with the decision to defund thisRead MoreAbortion : The Pro Life Action League873 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipate in marches, pickets, prayer vigils, and also raise awareness by holding large abortion pictures on busy streets to show what the end result of abortion is on an unborn child. They also hold a monthly protest at Planned Parenthood in Aurora, one of the busiest Planned Parenthood clinics, and protest pro-abortion politicians and other public figures that oppose the rights of unborn babies. Some of the other objectives of t his group are to confront abortionists, abortion promoters, infiltrate pro-choiceRead MoreThe Importance Of Planned Parenthood1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe responsibility and the care of a child are often decisions people face when they find out about the announcement of the pregnancy. Fear of growing up fast and the responsibility of a child are often not something people can handle. For millions of men and women across the country, they turn to Planned Parenthood who not only deals with pregnancy but also is resource in birth control, informative about sexual health but STD testing, screenings (â€Å"Sexual Health Topic†). April 14th of 2017, PresidentRead MoreShould Planned Parenthood Be Federally Funded?846 Words   |  4 PagesShould Planned Parenthood Be Federally Funded? Planned Parenthood is a nonprofit organization that does research into and gives advice on contraception, family planning, and reproductive problems. Recently Planned Parenthood has had controversy for many pro-life members creating videos that pro-life members have altered to making many believe Planned Parenthood organizations harvest and sell fetal body parts, and give abortions when they women are too late during their pregnancy. While Planned ParenthoodRead MoreParenthood Should Have More Government Restrictions1228 Words   |  5 PagesDefunding Planned Parenthood Although my view is consistent with a capitalistic micro government, Planned Parenthood should have more government restrictions. Most people would beg to differ for several reasons. This issue has a two sided debate and there is no wrong or right answer. The only way to come down to a fair conclusion is by making a pros and cons list, so one can see each side instead of being close-minded. Planned Parenthood has been controversial due to the services it provides to womenRead MorePlanned Parenthood : A Controversial Topic Sweeping The Nation Of America With Political And Moral Issues1379 Words   |  6 PagesPlanned Parenthood is a controversial topic sweeping the nation of America with political and moral issues. Every day one could come across a new article on it, stubble upon a news article in their local paper or even on their local news station. Planned Parenthood directly provides reproductive health services, is involved in teach young students about sexual education, contrib utes to research in reproductive technology, and interacts with legal and political efforts aimed at protecting and developing

Gross Domestic Product GDP Free Essays

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country is commonly defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year. The fact that it is measured regularly and quite consistently in practically all countries of the world allows a direct comparison of the standard of living in individual countries. The frequent measuring also makes it possible to quickly recognize changing trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Gross Domestic Product GDP or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, it is used to determine whether an economy is growing faster or slower than in the previously measured period and to compare it with other economies in the world. When GDP is calculated in relation to the population of a country, one speaks of the average GDP per capita. This is often used as an indicator of a country’s standard of living. However, as a measure of the standard of living in a country, GDP has its limitations and shortcomings. ? It does not differentiate between economic output that actually benefits the population and economic bads in a country, such as, for example, expenses for warfare, pollution-producing industries, etc. It does not include unreported activities such as illegal trading or black-market labour. ? It does not reflect non-market activities such as unpaid housework, childcare, and care for the elderly at home, community services or similar activities. The distribution of wealth within a country can be very uneven. When there is a high concentration of enormous wealth in a very small group, and the vast majority of a population is very poor, the average income may be relatively high, although the standard of living of the majority population is low. GDP can only measure the material standard of living, without taking into account the quality of life as perceived by each individual, which cannot be standardized across a population or countries. ? Economic output can increase due to technological advances requiring less employment, thereby decreasing the employment ratio. ? The age distribution within a country may be such that a relatively small group of working-age people have to support a large group of old people, resulting in a lower employment rate and consequently a lower standard of living. How to cite Gross Domestic Product GDP, Papers

Comparative Progress Global Business Systems

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Progress Global Business Systems. Answer: Introduction Modern Israel was established in the year 1948 with a very small population. In just a period of two years, the population of the country doubles. This lead to an increase in the gross domestic product per capita income. Various economic factors and conditions led to the transformation of the state. The assignment analyzes the economic factors such as interest rate, Gross domestic product, interest rate, technology, population and other factors. The country has the second largest start up companies in the world with the GDP of US$37,032. It is a developed nation and was ranked in seventeenth position in the world in the year 2010 (Aharoni, 2014). It is technically advanced economy. The economy plays a leading role in the supply of solar energy industry. The industries that are established in the country are metallurgical industries, chemicals, food, metal products, transport equipments and diamond cutting industries. The economy of Israel is relatively poor in natural resources and h ence depends on imports of natural resources from other countries such as petroleum, raw materials, wheats and other natural gas reserves (Bental et al., 2016). The industrial sector of the economy is advanced and technologically upgraded. The nation has established a free trade agreement with European Union, United States, Turkey, Mexico and other countries of European free trade association. Economy of Israel is also a tourist place with 3.54 million foreign tourists visiting the nation in the year 2013. The export goods of the nation include telecommunication equipments, machinery equipments, agricultural products, textiles, metals, and chemicals. Its main export partners are United Sates, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and China. The import goods and materials that are imported by Israel are raw materials, natural resources, petrol and petroleum products, fuels, consumer goods and investment goods. The importing partners of the country are United Sates, Italy, Germany, China and Switzerland (Yaron et al., 2013). The condition of statehood had put the economy of Israel in crisis. The unemployment rate was high and the foreign currency reserves were scarce in the period 1949 to 1959. An agreement was signed with West Germany where Germany agreed to pay money to Israel for the development of the nation. This was done to compensate the Jewish property that was stolen by Nazis. Israel is nation that is religious in nature. The state mainly comprises of Muslims, Jews, and Christians. The priority was given for the development of industries. The policies of the nation concentrated on industrialization (Blinder, 2013). Development of two policies has helped the economy of Israel develop. The first policy was Jewish immigration and the second policy was peace process. In the early 2000, the economy of Israel went again into crisis due to the crashing of dot com bubble. It hampered the startups of many new industries that put the economy at stake. The economy of Israel was able to sustain the crisis o f 2000. A growth in GDP was encountered in 2009 along with capturing low rate of unemployment (Bakalyar Galil, 2014). Economic policies that led to economic transformation Economic policies Israel gained independence in the year 1948. Economic policies are the policy that is set by the government of nation to transform the economy and form strategy that will benefit the economy. The economic policies included attributes such as interest rates, government spending, money supply, inflation rate, cash rate, taxes and various monetary and fiscal policies. Changes in any one of the economic policies affect the entire nation (Benchimol, 2016). For example, increase in money supply in the economy increases the demands, investment and the inflation rate. The population of Israel was very low during the time of its establishment. In two years, the population of Israel almost doubled due to rise in the migration of people. The political, social and economical structure of the country was developed in the year 1948. The two main factors that led to the development and growth of the economy of nation was immigration and capital inflows. The population of the country doubled from 56 ,000 to 630,000 due to huge immigration of population (Balassa, 2014). These mainly included the refugees, from Central and Eastern Europe. Immigration of large amount of population led to increase in capital inflows and funds. There was rise in the national funding and private funding. The two developments Since the early 1990s two developments has led to the transformation of the economy of Israel. The first development was the immigration of Jewish people. This led to an increase in the citizens of Israel especially from the people of former USSR. The population increased by one million Jewish people due to immigration of people. The benefit was that people who immigrated were highly educated people, which now comprises of sixteen percent of population. Rise in the population has both the advantages and disadvantages on the economy (Ben-Elia, 2016). Rise in the population in Israel led the country to establish new start up industries and create demand for products. The establishment of startup industries led to an increase in investments. Rise in aggregate demand and investments leads to economic growth. The above diagram shows that rise in the investment leads to the outward shift of both the aggregate demand and aggregates supply. This is due to the rise in the capital stock. The outward shift of the curves leads to a rise in the GDP and hence encourages economic growth. Rise in immigration and population The growth in the population has negative impact as well. Israel was successful in sustaining the rise in the population. The housing and employment needs of the people were fulfilled by the policies used by the economy. A new economic policy came into enforcement in the year 1952. The policy concentrated on curbing of monetary policies such as interest rate and money supply, relaxation of price controls and rationing, relaxation on restraints and exchange rate devaluation. The encouragement of immigration was curtailed to sustain and absorb the masses from previous immigration (Breznitz Ornston, 2013). Peace treaty The second development that led to the transformation of the economy is the signing of peace treaty between Israel and Jordan at peace conference held at the Madrid conference (Budge Laver, 2016). Technologically advance economy: Israel is technologically advance economy that attracts large amount of foreign investment. It is an industrialized economy where the concentration is on industries and service sector. The transformation of the economy of Israel led the economy become globalized with high tech industry, multinational labor and increase in consumer culture. It also led the gap between the rich and the poor to increase (Horowitz Lissak, 2012). Increase in foreign investments Increase in the capital inflow from foreign countries was one of the reasons for the economic growth. Real Gross National Product increased by rate of eleven percent and annual gross national product increased at a rate of six percent. The capital inflows was in the form of unilateral transfers, loans from the United States aids, inflow from Germany in the form of reparations, and transfers of loans and unilateral transfers from other agencies such as that of Jewish institutes (Carmon, 2016). The availability of resources for consumption in domestic nation increased both the private and national consumption in the economy. Import substitution was promoted for the development of new industries by adopting protectionists measured through the government budget. Government also enabled subsidies that were involved in export of goods. This was done to increase exports and the revenue collected from these exports (Checherita-Westphal Rother, 2012). Changes in the economic fluctuations in the economy of Israel were mainly due to flow of immigration. The economy encountered high rates of growth in income and GDP till the year 1973 after which the rate of growth was not as high as those of previous years did. The economy of Israel fell into recession in the period from 2001 to 2003. The income of the nation has said to rise in the end of twentieth century that was similar to many developed and industrialized nations (Khattab et al., 2016). The contribution of industrial sector towards the GDP growth is maximum. The change in structure of economy increased the importance of industrial sector and declined the contribution of agricultural sector. The other reason for the economic transformation was development of technology and industrialization. From the traditional industries, the industry transformed itself into high tech sophisticated industry. This was a major step from the transformation of economy of Israel (Kirzner, 2015). The capital inflow in Israel after the global crisis. In 2013, the foreign capital recorded a hit high of 7022 billion dollar. Increase in the capital inflow of the economy is the reason why the economy of Israel is able to maintain the deficit in current account. Rise in capital inflow also led to an increase in the currency of Israel strengthening the currency of Israel that is twenty-three percent (Konnikov Raijman, 2016). Liberalization of economic policies The economic policies of the economy were changed from government control to a more free policy. The government released its control over the economy to help it develop and grow. A policy of economic liberalization was followed by the nation. A free trade treaty was signed by Israel with many countries to encourage export. The restriction of imports was changed from quantitative protection to tariff protection. The economy encouraged both import and export by flexible exchange rates (Maddison, 2013). The economy transferred itself from fixed exchange rate to floating exchange rate system where the exchange rate was fixed through the system of exports and imports. The floating exchange rate system can be depicted in a following diagram: Trade and open market of Israel After the independence of the economy of Israel, the economy followed trade restriction by imposing import substitution and quantitative restrictions on imports. This was done to encourage domestic production and reduce the imports if the economy. A new economic policy was generated in the year 1952 that concentrated more on liberalization of the economy. A free trade agreement was signed between the countries where the economy encouraged export and quantity restriction on imports were replaced by tariff protection. This helped the economy encourage exports and imports that led to industrialization in the economy (Martin, 2014). The foreign exchange currency was changed from fixed exchange rate system to floating exchange rate system where the government had less control on the economy. The state driven economic policy transformed the economy of Israel. The economy of Israel transformed from a central economy to a mixed economy where both the public and the private sector thrived and the government had less control on the economy. Liberalization of the economy led to an increase in the exports and strengthened the economy (Metzer, 2014). The GDP per capita of the economy rose and the purchasing power. The economy of Israel transformed itself into more competitive market structure, that was market oriented and pen in nature. The average tariff rate in Israel is 0.9 percent (Webber Smith, 2014). The economy and the government puts several restrictions on the import of agricultural products to encourage the local farmers and help them increase and improve the standard of living. This can be analyzed from the following diagram of tariff restriction. Tariff restriction reduces the amount of goods that a country can import but also helps the government earn revenue in form of tariff rates. Tariff rates are the taxes that are imposed by the government on the economy (Morata Sandoval, 2012). Change in the role of government The role of the government changed in the economy. The control of the government on exports, imports, process and others were controlled. The role of the government shifted to other programs such as health care centers, infrastructure, and other social welfare benefit. The policy of social welfare payment such as unemployment benefits, transfer payment, pensions, insurance, helped the economy reduce the inequality gap of income (Magazzino, 2015). Due to the increase in transfer payments by the government, Israel was on e of the developed nations with the least income inequality gap. Occupation settlement enterprise Israel was one of the nations to have encountered the largest economic growth for the period of six years. The main factor for encountering largest economic growth in a period of six years apart from industrialization and liberalization was establishment of occupation settlement enterprise. The major reasons for the growth of the economy of Israel were trade liberalization, industrialization, less control of the government over the economy, global and new economic policies, encouragement of imports and exports and free functioning of the economy. Apart from these, the other reason for the transformation of the economy of Israel was use of high and sophisticated technology in the agricultural and industrial sector (O'Connor, 2013). This occurred in a period from 1967-1973 where the rate of economic growth or the GDP growth arte almost doubled. The major reason for this was establishment of occupation settlement enterprises. The major transformation took from 1948 to 1956. The economic policies have made the economy of Israel a lender and not a borrower, which is mainly due to the macroeconomic policies that the economy follows (Perez, 2013). Decline in the interest rate The interest of the economy was declined to encourage the economy towards the path of growth. Decline in the interest rates led to an increase in the money supply. Rise in money supply in turn led to an increase in demand and investment. Taking loans from the banks became more interesting and lucrative that led to an increase in the investment. Increase in investment led to an increase in the start up of industries that helped in employment generation. Decrease in the interest rate will reduce the price for loan able funds and increase the demand. This will lead to an increase in aggregate demand and investment. Economic Miracle The unemployment rate is low in Israel as compared to other nations. This is mainly due to two factors. One is the refusal of the government of Israel to aid the public money at the time of crisis. This helped in curtailing the risk that was involved with the policy. The second was the adoption of the policies set by Bachar commission that helped in management of finance of the economy. The economy of Israel is said to have gone through the phase of Economic miracle. Israels tremendous growth in the economy was remarkable (Plessner, 2012). The GDP growth rate was ten percent annually. Along with this, the economy was also successful in absorbing immigration, maintain security, fight the wars, maintain, and establish infrastructure. This was termed as economic miracle of the nation. The optimal utilization of the available resources and capital was one of the reasons for economic growth and development of the nation (Ram, 2013). The countries successful policies managed the immigrants successfully which contributed towards the growth of the economy. The economy was also successful in sustaining the global economic crisis. The economic growth of the nation was relatively high in 2006 as compared to other developing nations. Israel was one of the few nations to have encountered a positive economic growth in 2009 after the period of global recession (Richardson, 2014). GDP growth rate Table: Economic growth rate of Israel Year GDP growth rate (annual %) 2001 0.2 2002 -0.1 2003 1.2 2004 5.1 2005 4.4 2006 5.8 2007 6.1 2008 3.1 2009 1.3 2010 5.5 2011 5.0 2012 2.9 2013 3.4 2014 2.6 2015 2.5 (Source: Data | The World Bank. 2016). The growth rate is fluctuating in the economy. Initially the growth rate was rising. It declined in 2009 due to global recession and crisis. The economic growth rate was positive even at the time of recession. The other developing countries experienced negative economic growth rate but Israel experienced positive economic growth though it was low. Economic challenges Though the economy has experienced high rate of economic growth in past there are several economic challenges that an economy face. This includes both short term and long term challenges. The short term challenges that Israel economy face is the problem in developing the telecommunication industry that changes the economic outlook and perspective of the economy. The economy is also not being successful in promoting large multinational companies that controls the employment of large number of peoples. The rise in dependency of labor force participation of orthodox Jews with less knowledge hampers the economy in long run (Cingano, 2014). Due to the high dependency ratio the poverty among the orthodox Jews rise that is harmful for the economy of Israel. The two main challenges faced by the Israel economy are that of terrorism and work force participation. Terrorism: Rise in terrorism is very harmful for the economy. It affects the functioning of the economy in a negative way. The resources of the economy deplete and it leads to rise in the pollution. The number of tourists visiting the economy also declined due to which the revenue that the economy earns from tourists also declined (Rudnitzky, 2014). The rise in the terrorism hurt the exports and the foreign investments too as foreign companies were apprehensive too invest in the nation. Israels economy began to grow after the war ended. The strong point of Israels economy was that it was able to sustain the risks of terrorism (Sadeh, 2014). Work force participation: lower level of workface participation is harmful for the economy as it reduces the wealth generation and production of products in the economy (Scully, 2014). Inflation: The prices are rising with the advancement in technology and economy. The problem of income inequality between the rich and the poor is increasing. Israel is a mixed economy where both the government and private sector work together in the economy. The challenges and economic problems faced by the economy of Israel are same as that of an industrial country. This includes problems and challenges associated with reconciling innovation in industrial products and methods. The industries face problems in transition stage when replacing the traditional activities with high tech sophisticated machines (Stiglitz, 2014). It is essential for the economy of Israel to figure the ways of fitting in the global economy that is marked by two major markets of European Union and United States. The economy also faces challenges due to the relationship that it holds with other Arab countries. The economy is always under the threat of war and terrorism due to which the major part of capital is wasted in maintaining the security and army. Peace can lead to productive utilization of products. Political security also helps the economy attract foreign i nvestments that is beneficial for the economy. The educational qualification of the economy is high in Israel (Thrisdttir Karlnudttir, 2014). Conclusion Israel gained independence in the year 1948 after which the economy captured a tremendous growth in the economy. The population size of the economy doubled and the gross domestic product. The economic growth almost doubled in the economy. The economy of Israel transformed from a central economy to a mixed economy. Various economic factors led to the transformation of economy of Israel. These factors include economic liberalization policies, free trade, decline in interest rate, occupation settlement enterprise, economic liberalization, and less control of the government. Industrialization and rise in immigration are some of the other factors that led to the transformation of the economy. The economy experienced the growth in the GDP per capita income by forty percent. The economic growth doubled in the economy. Privatization of the economy and increase in capital inflow led to an increase in the economic growth. The foreign investment led to an increase on demand and start up industr ies. High tech technologies led to an increase in startup industries. The economy has low inflation rate, low unemployment rate and interest rate that led to an increase in foreign debt. Economy of Israel was able to survive the recession of 2009 and encountered a positive economic growth. References Aharoni, Y. (2014).The Israeli Economy (Routledge Revivals): Dreams and Realities. Routledge. Avidor, J. Building an Innovation Economy: Public Policy Lessons from Israel. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1856603 Bakalyar, I., Galil, K. (2014). Rating shopping and rating inflation in Israel.International Review of Financial Analysis,33, 270-280. Balassa, B. (2014). Development Strategies'.International Economics and Development: Essays in Honor of Ral Prebisch, 159. Benchimol, J. (2016). Supplement to" Money and monetary policy in Israel during the last decade". Ben-Elia, N. (Ed.). (2016).Strategic changes and organizational reorientations in local government: A cross-national perspective. Springer. Bental, B., Yonay, Y., Kraus, V. (2016). Ethnic and gender earning gaps in a liberalized economy: The case of Israel.Social Science Research. Blinder, A. S. (2013).Economic policy and the great stagflation. Elsevier. Breznitz, D., Ornston, D. (2013). The revolutionary power of peripheral agencies explaining radical policy innovation in Finland and Israel.Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012472466. Budge, I., Laver, M. J. (Eds.). (2016).Party policy and government coalitions. Springer. Carmon, N. (Ed.). (2016).Immigration and integration in post-industrial societies: Theoretical analysis and policy-related research. Springer. Checherita-Westphal, C., Rother, P. (2012). The impact of high government debt on economic growth and its channels: An empirical investigation for the euro area.European Economic Review,56(7), 1392-1405. Cingano, F. (2014). Trends in income inequality and its impact on economic growth. Data | The World Bank. (2016).Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/ Horowitz, D., Lissak, M. (2012).Trouble in utopia: The overburdened polity of Israel. Suny Press. Israel Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption. (2016).Heritage.org. 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Some Perspectives on the Israeli Economy: Stocktaking and Looking Ahead.Israel Studies,19(2), 133-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.19.2.133 Morata, F., Sandoval, I. S. (Eds.). (2012).European energy policy: An environmental approach. Edward Elgar Publishing. O'Connor, A. (2013). A conceptual framework for entrepreneurship education policy: Meeting government and economic purposes.Journal of Business Venturing,28(4), 546-563. Perez, N. (2013). The privatization of Jewishness in Israel (or, on economic post-Zionism).Israel Affairs,19(2), 273-289. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2013.778089 Plessner, Y. (2012).Political Economy of Israel, The: From Ideology to Stagnation. SUNY Press. Ram, U. (2013).The Globalization of Israel: McWorld in Tel Aviv, Jihad in Jerusalem. Routledge. Richardson, N. R. (2014).Foreign policy and economic dependence. University of Texas Press. Rudnitzky, A. (2014). The Contemporary Historiographical Debate in Israel on Government Policies on Arabs in Israel During the Military Administration Period (19481966).Israel Studies,19(1), 24-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.19.1.24 Sadeh, T. (2014). Is an economic peace possible? Israel and globalization since the 1970s.Israel Affairs,20(4), 530-565. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2014.955657 Scully, G. W. (2014).Constitutional environments and economic growth. Princeton University Press. Stiglitz, J. E. (2014).The lessons of the North Atlantic crisis for economic theory and policy(pp. 335-347). Cambridge, Mass. and London: MIT Press. Thrisdttir, H., Karlnudttir, K. E. (2014). The Boom and the Bust: Can Theories from Social Psychology and Related Disciplines Account for One Country's Economic Crisis?.Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy,14(1), 281-310. Webber, M., Smith, M. (2014).Foreign policy in a transformed world. Routledge. Yaron, H., Hashimshony Yaffe, N., Campbell, J. (2013). Infiltrators or Refugees? An Analysis of Israel's Policy Towards African Asylum Seekers.International Migration,51(4), 144-157.