Mcdonalds †Operations Mgt Essay

1. What characteristics of McDonalds harvest-timeion dust have been most important in twist its record of victory and senesceth in the industry? McDonalds unique harvestion system has been central to their corporate outline. Ray Kroc immediately saw value in the McDonald brothers production methodology. The McDonald brothers controlled the preparation of distributively wag item, regulating exactly how much of each topping would go on each burger, in order to maintain consistency and uniformity. Going forward, the social club would base their business model on terzetto key tenets hold in menu, low prices, and fast service. Kroc obsessed over perfecting the operating system with these three tenets in mind. He believed that consistency and uniformity, with respect to products, should be the overarching goals of this operation strategy. It began with the Speedee Service System in 1948 and continued to sprout from that point. McDonalds operating system focused on four key are as improving the product, improving equipment, development excellent supplier relations, and developing and monitoring enfranchisementes.McDonalds had created a unique consanguinity with its franchisees and suppliers. McDonalds believed that franchise result was where they should make their profits, not primarily from the franchise fees, which had been the industry standard. This relationship fostered growth and innovation as franchisees make recommendations and provided feedback on what was working and what wasnt. McDonalds broke another industry standard by actual very(prenominal) close relationships with supplier. McDonalds worked closely with suppliers to ensure consistently high quality food products made to McDonalds exact specifications. By working with the suppliers to control the quality of their products, McDonalds was helping to ensure that a burger served at any one of their locations would get word the same, taste the same, and reinforce McDonalds reputation for q uality and consistency. The suppliers k smart that if they met the very specific standards set forth by McDonalds, they would be rewarded with the loyalty of a very lucrative customer. This relationship was mutually beneficial as the consistent demand from McDonalds helped suppliers grow alongside the chain, turning nonaged farming operations into major institutional vendors.2. What are the primary new challenges McDonalds faces in the nineties? In the early 90s, McDonalds legendary growth rate began to slow. Consumer preferences were constantly-changing and McDonalds worried that the limited menu that had served them so well over the previous decades might not be enough to drool them into the future. Going into the 1990s McDonalds faced many challenges, including increased competition in the domestic quick-service market, consumer stuff to provide healthier options, and increased environmental criticism. The major challenges outlined in the case include the spare-time activit y Casual dining restaurants, such as Chilis and Olive Garden, were becoming increasely popular. These restaurants offered a wide selection of menu items, with prices that could compete with McDonalds. Drive-thru only chains, such as Sonic and Rallys, were out-performing McDonalds on speed of service. These chains were now seeing big growth, where McDonalds expansion was slowing down. taco Bell had become another big competitor. Taco Bell focused on providing an extensive offer of inexpensive Mexican food. Taco Bell had 26 menu items under one dollar. They were able to salvage their prices low by shifting food preparation to offsite suppliers, requiring less kitchen space on-site. Nutrition was a growth concern among many American consumers, and McDonalds had become synonymous with high-fat, high-calorie fast food. There was radical pressure for McDonalds to augment their menu with healthier options, lower in fat and sodium than the tralatitious burgers and fries. Including a wi der diverseness of items on their menu was probably necessary to meet the changing needs and preferences of their consumers, save McDonalds core competencies were built nigh an operating system that was designed for speedy livery of a limited number of menu items. McDonalds had become the target of environmental activists who criticized the agricultural practices of McDonalds suppliers and the companys extensive use of disposable packaging.3. What are the key types of flexibility which McDonalds operations strategy needs to support? Which does it support and how? Which does it not support well and why? Product/service flexibility is the ability of the organization to develop new products and services which customers may find attractive. McDonalds achieved great success with the introduction of its breakfast menu in the 1970s, proving that product flexibility is an important mechanism for growth in their industry. That said, the long term success of McDonalds operating model is largely due to their commitment to maintaining a limited menu. While McDonalds should continue to develop and test new products, they need to be bourgeois about expanding their menu too much. Volume and bringing flexibility allows the operation to adjust its output levels and its delivery procedures in order to cope with unexpected changes in how many products and services customers requisite, when they want them, and/or where they want them.McDonalds equipment and work flows were designed for maximum efficiency. Speedy service was critical to increase volume of gross sales per unit time. With respect to delivery models, McDonalds had also developed a number of different building designs, such as drive-thru only facilities and cafs suitable for small towns. They also placed McDonalds in new venues, such as schools, hospitals and airports. Mix flexibility allows an organization to produce a wide mixing of products and services for its customers to choose from. The operating sys tem at McDonalds had been constructed to ensure uniformity, quality and speed in all of their restaurants. If they introduce a wide variety of foods it would disrupt an operation strategy built around a limited menu. McDonalds may have wanted to offer a wide variety of products but it would be a real challenge to maintain their standards with respect to quality, speed, and pricing.4. How would you adapt the system to placate these changes in the US? McDonalds could adapt their system in several ways to accommodate the changing trends in the US market. They could develop more drive-thru only locations. Off-premise consumption had risen from just 23% in 1982 to 62% in 1990 and overhead costs would be lower under this model. In keeping with this theme, McDonalds should continue to develop smaller outlets in venues like schools, airports, and sporting arenas. They should continue to work on product development, but should focus on potential offerings that could be produced quickly and easily with their existing equipment.Products that will likely require minimal brain dysfunctionitional time and arent aligned with the restaurants traditional offerings (e.g. lasagna) should be avoided. They should fill healthier options that still fit with the traditional concept of what McDonalds offers, such as veggie burgers, or low fat chicken sandwiches. They should take steps to improve their environmental image, by encouraging suppliers to accompany environmentally responsible practices, and by looking for opportunities to reduce unnecessary packaging. This will provide dual benefits by improving their image and reducing costs at the same time. 5. How can McDonalds lay the origination for future growth?The Ansoff product-market matrix outlines four possible strategic directions a firm can take, in order to grow.Existing Products New Products mart PENETRATION concentrate on on promotion of existing product lineupFocus on change magnitude number of restaurants in USFocus on increasing sales in existing restaurantsPRODUCT DEVELOPMENTFocus on developing new menu items to add to current lineupExplore ways to modify operating system to allow speedy delivery of new itemsBuild relationships with new suppliers to source inputs for new menu items at low costMARKET DEVELOPMENTFocus on delivering core menu items in international locations Focus on increasing number of restaurants in countries where the chain has had most success Focus on increasing sales in existing overseas restaurantsDIVERSIFICATIONTry out new menu items in international locationsFocus on developing new menu items that appeal to customers in specific geographies (e.g. curries in India) Build relationships with new suppliers in host countriesExistingMarketsNewMarketsMcDonalds should adopt a growth strategy that focuses on Market Development, with limited Product Development. McDonalds needs to recognize and accept that a firm cannot grow indefinitely in a restricted territory. They cannot e xpect their historical 25% annual domestic growth to continue forever. Their slowing growth rates in the US suggest they are likely approach path market saturation in the United States. They should stick to the operating model that has been so successful for them, and look outside US borders for growth opportunities. McDonalds should not try to be all things to all people. McDonalds needs to recognize who their customers are, and what they expect when they go to McDonalds. The company should not deviate too far absent from their original business model (limited menu, low prices, fast service).McDonalds should focus on delivering their core products to an ever expanding geographic territory, instead of complicating their operating model, increasing service time, and decreasing margins, by offering an ever-expanding array of menu items. New menu items should be easy to deliver with existing equipment and established workflows (e.g. veggie burgers, lamb burgers, dip patties, chicken burgers). With respect to US sales, the case cited that only 20% of McDonalds sales came from dinner. This may be a possible frontier for growth, but an entirely new menu should not be infallible to bring people in for dinner. This seems to be more of a marketing issue. McDonalds needs to localize themselves as top of mind when people are driving home from work, with nothing prepared for supper. by chance repackaging their existing products into a family package, similar to those offered by KFC, would help in this regard.

Ib Psychology Sociocultural Notes

Explain the formation of sort outs and their effect on behavior. Definition Stereotypes assign identical char put to workeristics to all members of a group, despite the fact that the group members may vary widely from one an otherwise. Characteristics accessible-cognitive theories our neighborly world is very complex and presends us with too much data since our capacity to process tuition is limited, in that location is a need to simplify our social musical mode one of the way to avoid schooling overload is social categorization these are stereotypes Stereotypes simplify information processing in social perceptual experience stereotypes are schemas as they are energy-saving devices, automatically activated, stable and resistant to change, affect behavior. Not stable crosswise cluture Studies COHEN Cohen presented take aparticipants with a videotape showing a woman having dinner with her husband. Half the participants were told that the woman was a look and the rest that s he was a librarian. At a subsequently memory test, participants showed better recall for stereotype- consistent information. Those who survey she was a dwellress remembered her beer drinking.Participants who thought she was a librarian were more the give carely to remember that she was wearing supply and was listening to classical music. Like the studies on the effects of schemas, Cohens fill shows that we are likely to recognise and subsequently remember information which is consistent with our stereotypes. FISKE AND DYER Like all schemas, stereotypes are formed over condemnation on the basis of relevant experiences. For Fiske and Dyer (1985), stereotype formation begins with the education of independent schema elements. For example, the formation of a ender schema for female begins with isolated elements such as girls fare in pink and girls revivify with dolls whereas, boys dress in blue and play with cars. With advancing age additional elements are added, such as inf ormation about gender-appropriate behaviours and work- consortd preferences. Eventually, strong associations form between all the various elements and a single schema emerges. at one date formed, repeated practice in the mapping of the schema may lead to such trains of integration that it sens be activated automatically and unconsciously seen consequently. Bargh Participants in this experiment were asked to complete a test involving 30 items.This task was presented to the participants as a language proficiency task. Each of the 30 items consisted of five unrelated words. For severally item participants had to use 4 of the five words to form, as fast as possible, a grammatically correct sentence. There were deuce sees in this experiment. In one, the task contained words related to and intending to activate the condemnation-worn stereotype (e. g. grey, retired, wise). In the other condition, the words utilize were unrelated to the elderly stereotype (e. g. thirsty, clean, private). After complementary the experimental tasks, participants were directed towards the elevator.A confederate, sitting in the corridor, timed how long the participants took to walk from the experimental room to the elevator. Bargh et al. embed that participants who had their elderly stereotype activated walked signifi discounttly more slowly towards the elevator than the rest of the participants. Priming of this stereotype must(prenominal) befuddle taken target unconsciously. As Bargh et al. note, the task words did not directly relate to time or speed and no conscious awareness of the elderly stereotype was ever in evidence for the duration of the study. Illusory correlationThese researchers asked participants to read descriptions about dickens make-up groups ( throng A and Group B). The descriptions were establish on a number of positive and negative behaviours. Group A (the absolute majority group) had twice as many members than Group B (the minority group). In the de scriptions, Group A members runed 18 positive and 8 negative behaviours. Group B members performed 9 positive and 4 negative behaviours. So, for both groups, twice as much of the information involved positive, kind of than negative, behaviours. Clearly, there was no correlation between group social rank and the types of behaviours exhibited by the groups.However, when asked later, participants did seem to have perceived an illusory correlation. more than of the undesirable behaviours were attri neverthelessed to the minority Group B, than the majority Group A. Hamilton and Giffords explanation of their findings is base on the mood that distinctive information draws assistance. Group B members and negative behaviours are both numerically fewer and so more distinct than Group A members and negative behaviours. The combination of Group B members performing negative behaviours, therefore, stands out more than the combination of Group A members performing such behaviours.This cau ses the illusory correlation. Explain social unwraping theory, making reference to two relevant studies. kind Learning theory In particular social apprehending theorists emphasise the case of observation and imitation of role models. In general, social development is seen as a continuous reading process, rather than as happening in stages. -If children were passive witnesses to an aggressive presentation by an grown they would model this aggressive behavior when given the opportunity. -The researchers attempted to reduce this problem by pre-testing the children for how aggressive they were.They did this by observant the children in the nursery and judged their aggressive behaviour on four 5-point rating scales. It was then possible to run across the children in each group so that they had resembling levels of aggression in their everyday behaviour. The experiment is therefore an example of a matched pairs design. Controllight-emitting diode 24 in a group The findings suppo rt Banduras Social Learning Theory. That is, children learn social behaviour such as aggression with the process of observation learning through watching the behaviour of another individual.The findings from this and similar studies have been apply in the tune that media violence great power be contri onlying in some degree to violence in society. The obvious criticism of this argument is that there are many other factors influencing whether or not we are likely to imitate screen violence. One of the major factors is perhaps the level of aggression we already have, which might have been learned, in our family relationships or elsewhere. The major criticism of the Social Learning Approach to child development is its oversimplified description of human behaviour.Although it can apologize some quite complex behaviour it cannot adequately account for how we develop a all told range of behaviour including thoughts and feelings. We have a lot of cognitive control over our behavio ur and patently because we have had experiences of violence does not mean we have to reproduce such behaviour. It is also worth noting that the Social Learning Approach has little room for the role of inherited factors or for the role of maturation in development. This theory assumes that humans learn behavior through observational learning in other words, mess can learn by watching models and imitating their behavior.Explain Attention The person must primary pay attention to the model. Retention The reviewer must be able to remember that behavior has been observed. Motor reproduction The observer has to be able to replicate the action. Coding/remember the act. Motivation Learners must want to demonstrate what they have learned. Whether or not they like the model. Liking. Rewards/punishment. Identification. Consistency. Internalized outcome expectancies. Increases the likelihood of carrying out. If we identify with the model (we want to be like them) Bandura Reinforcement is not infallible for learningVicarious- Unintentionally picking up something. Indirect learning. Unconscious. This theory assumes that humans learn behavior through observational learning in other words, people can learn by watching models and imitating their behavior. Attention The person must starting line pay attention to the model. Retention The observer must be able to remember that behavior has been observed. Motor reproduction The observer has to be able to replicate the action. Coding/remember the act. Motivation Learners must want to demonstrate what they have learned. Whether or not they like the model. Liking. Rewards/punishment.Identification. Consistency. If we identify with the model (we want to be like them) Internalized outcome expectancies. Increases the likelihood of carrying out. Bandura Reinforcement is not necessary for learning Vicarious- Unintentionally picking up something. Indirect learning. Unconscious. Conscious Control condition The children were shown the film with the expectant behaving aggressively towards the Bobo doll. Model-rewarded condition Children saw the same film utilise in the control condition but after the aggression was over, a twinkling enceinte appeared in the film to reward the aggressor with sweets and a soft drink.Bobo dolls are clown-like dolls with a weight in the bottom. They are designed in such a way as to always bounce back when knocked down. Model-punished condition As the model-rewarded condition, but the second adult scolded and spanked the model for behaving aggressively. After viewing the film, all the children were taken individually into a playroom with several toys which include a Bobo doll and a mallet. While in the playroom, the childrens behaviour was observed for a stop consonant of 10 minutes and any acts of aggression similar to those performed by the model were recorded.The control and the model-rewarded groups showed an equal level of aggressiveness towards the Bobo doll (2. 5 act s). The model-punished condition was associated with importantly fewer aggressive acts (1. 5 acts). However, when at a later stage the children were asked to reproduce the behaviour of the model and were rewarded for each act of aggression they displayed, they all (regardless of which master key condition they were in) produced the same number of aggressive acts (3. 5 acts). Banduras study exemplified and supported the following features of SLT.Vicarious (observational) learning The children clearly learned specific aggressive behaviours by observing the adult model. The learning manifested during the second part of the study was based on vicarious reinforcement or punishment as the children were never rewarded or punished themselves. Reinforcement or punishment was necessary for performance not learning All children behaved in an equally aggressive manner towards the Bobo doll when rewarded to do so. Selective imitation in 14-month-old infants (Gergely et al. , 2002) This experi ment used 14-month-old infants as participants and involved two conditions.Hands- handsome condition In this condition, the infants observed an adult place her hands on a table. Following this, she used a strange action to illuminate a light boxful she bent over and pressed the box with her forehead. One workweek later, the same infants were given the opportunity to play with the box 69% of them used their head to illuminate the light. Hands-occupied condition Infants in this condition observed the adult perform the same strange action to illuminate the box. In this condition, however, the model was using her hands to mince a blanket around her shoulders.This rendered the hands unavailable for other actions. When given the opportunity one week later to play with the box, only 21% of the infants illuminated the light by using their head. The rest used their hands to press the light. demonstrateing their findings, Gergely et al. note that in the hands-occupied condition infants seem to have assumed that the adult used her head because she had to. But this constraint did not apply to the infants. In the hands-free condition, the adult could have chosen to use her hands. She did not.The children seem to have assumed there must have been a reason for this choice, so they copied it. Discuss the use of compliance techniques (for example, lowballing, foot? in? the? door, reciprocity). Aronson et al. (2007) define compliance as a form of social influence involving direct requests from one person to another. A demonstration of the FITD technique (Freeman and Fraser, 1966) These researchers arranged for a researcher, posing as a volunteer worker, to ask a number of householders in California to leave behind a big ugly public-service sign reading Drive Carefully to be placed in their front gardens.Only 17% of the householders complied with this request. A disaccordent set of homeowners was asked whether they would display a small Be a Safe Driver sign. Nearly all of those asked agreed with this request. Two weeks later these same homeowners were asked, by a volunteer worker, whether they would display the much bigger and ugly Drive Carefully sign in their front gardens. 76% of them complied with this second request, a far higher percentage than the 17% who had complied in the first condition.In a second study, Freedman and Frazer (1966) first asked a number of householders to sign a implore in favour of keeping California beautiful, something nearly everybody agreed to do. After two weeks, they send a youthful volunteer worker who asked these homeowners whether they would allow the big and ugly Drive Carefully sign of the previous study to be displayed in their front gardens. Note that the two requests relate to completely different topics, but nearly half of the homeowners agreed with the second request.Again, this is significantly higher than the 17% of homeowners who agreed to display the sign in the absence of any prior contact. But, how could the findings of the second experiment be explained? According to Freeman and Frazer (1966), signing the petition changed the view the homeowners had about themselves. As a result, they saw themselves as unselfish citizens with well-developed civic principles. Agreeing, two weeks later, to display the Drive Carefully sign reflected their need to comply with their newly-formed self-image.Not only do commitments change us but also, to use Gialdinis own expression, they grow their own legs. Sherman (1980) called residents in Indiana (USA) and asked them if, hypothetically, they would volunteer to spend 3 hours collecting for the American Cancer Society. Three days later, a second experimenter called the same people and actually requested help for this organization. Of those responding to the earlier request, 31% agreed to help. This is much higher than the 4% of a similar group of people who volunteered to help when approached directly. Low-ballingIt involves changing an offe r to make it less attractive to the target person after this person has agreed to it. A demonstration of lowballing (Burger and Cornelius, 2003) In this study, students were contacted by phone by a female caller and asked whether they would be prepared to donate five dollars to a scholarship fund for underprivileged students. There were three experimental conditions. The lowball condition Students were told that those who contributed would receive a coupon for a free smoothie at a local juice bar. Students who agreed were then informed that the investigator completed she had run out of coupons.The students were asked if they would still be willing to contribute. 77. 6% agreed to make a gratuity in this condition. The interrupt condition The caller made the same initial request as in the lowball condition. However, before the participants had a chance to give their answer, the caller interrupted them to let them know that there were no more coupons left. Only 16% of the partici pants made a donation in this condition. The control condition Participants were simply asked to donate the five dollars without any mention of coupons. 42% made a donation in the control condition.The results support the view that the lowball technique is based on the principle of commitment. The technique is effective only when individuals make an initial public commitment. Once they have made this commitment, individuals feel obliged to act in accordance with it even when the conditions that led to them making the commitment have changed, (Cialdini, 2009). Discuss factors influencing consonance (for example, ending, groupthink, angry shift, minority influence). Examine the role of two cultural dimensions on behaviour (for example, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, Confucian muscularity).We have already delimitate the terms individualism and collectivism as used by Hofstede. Cultures differ with respect to how they socialize their members to develop identi ties that are either individually or collectively based. In laissez-faire(a) cultures -the personal is emphasized more than the social -persons are viewed as unique -individual autonomy and self-expression are cute -competitiveness and self-sufficiency are highly regarded. Societies high on collectivism are characterized by giving precession to the goals of important groups (e. g. xtended family, work group) and define ones identity on the basis of ones membership of such groups. So, in collectivist cultures -the social is emphasized more than the personal -the self is defined by long-standing relationships and obligations -individual autonomy and self-expression are not upgraded -there is more of an emphasis on achieving group consent rather than on individual achievement. It is not that members of individualistic societies do not have the need to choke or that their identities are exclusively personal identities.SIT was after all developed in individualistic counties (e. g. UK, Australia) to explain primarily the behaviour of members of those societies. However, they are less focused on group harmony or doing their barter for the types of mostly traditional group that collectivist societies are based on (Brewer and Chen, 2007). This hypothesis was tested in a field experimentexperimental study by Petrova et al. (2007). Their study involved over 3000 students of a US university. Nearly half were native US students and the rest were Asiatic students at the same university.All were sent an e-mail asking them to participate in a survey. A month later, the students received a second e-mail asking them whether they would agree to take part in an online survey. Petrova et al. obtained the standard FITD effect. The proportion of students who had agreed to the first survey and then agreed to the second was higher than the proportion who had initially agreed to the first survey. More importantly, the researchers also found that compliance was twice as strong w ith the native US students as it was with the Asian students for the second equest. This finding is even more remarkable if one takes into account that the first request led to a higher level of compliance among the Asian students. Bond and Smith (1996) carried out a meta-analysis of 133 conformity studies all using the Asch paradigm. The studies were carried out in 17 countries. The meta-analysis showed that more conformity was obtained in collectivistic countries like the Fiji Islands, Hong Kong and Brazil than in individualistic countries like the USA, the UK or France (Table 4. 2).Bond and Smiths findings are consistent with the way that the individualism/collectivism dimension was portrayed earlier (pages 135136). Members of collectivistic countries value conformity because it promotes encouraging group relationships and reduces conflicts. This, agreeing with others in collectivist societies is more likely to be viewed as a sign of sensibility than one of submission to somebo dy elses will, which is the way it is often perceived in individualistic cultures (Hodges and Geyer, 2006). many an(prenominal) have argued that time is not defined and perceived in the same way everywhere.To a significant extent, the way humans experience time is influenced by their culture (Hall, 1959). In 2001, Hofstede proposed a classification of cultures based on their time orientation. In the mid-80s, Bond asked a number of Chinese social scientists to create a list of what Chinese people viewed as their basic values (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). A questionnaire, based on this list, was then administered to people in 23 countries. The outcome of this project was the emergence of a fifth cultural dimension, not related to the other four originally identified by Hofstede (page 000).The additional dimension was called Confucian dynamism because it reflected Confuciuss ideas about the importance of perseverance, patience, social hierarchy, thrift and having a sense of shame. The ne w dimension was later renamed long-term vs short-time orientation. Cultures scoring high on this dimension show a dynamic, future-oriented mentality. These are cultures that value long-standing, as opposed to short-term, traditions and values. Individuals in such cultures strive to fulfil their own long-term social obligations and avoid button of face. Cultures with a short-term view are not as concerned with past traditions.They are rather impatient, are present-oriented and strive for immediate results. In practical terms, the long-term versus short-term orientation refers to the degree to which cultures encourage delayed gratification of material, social, and emotional needs among their members (Matsumoto and Juang, 2008). Seven of the ten highest ranking countries on Hofstedes time orientation dimension were in Asia. horse opera countries tended to be more short-term oriented. In eastern countries, characterized by a long-time orientation, patience is valued more than in Weste rn countries.Based on this, Chen et al. predicted that part of the Western mentality is to place a higher value on immediate consumption than an eastern mentality. They investigated this idea in an experimental study using 147 Singaporean bicultural participants. This technique uses participants who have been exposed extensively to two different cultures (in this case, Singaporean and American) and assumes that both can affect behaviour depending on which is more actively correspond in the mind at any particular moment. Chen et al. electively activated one or the other of the two cultures by presenting half the participants with a collage of easily recognizable photos which were relevant to Singaporean culture and the other half with a collage of photos relevant to US culture. Impatience was tested by having the participants perform an online shopping scenario in order to purchase a novel. The book could be delivered either within four working days for a standard fee or next day fo r an additional charge. The senseless money participants were willing to pay for faster delivery of the book was used as a criterion of impatience.Chen et al. found that US-primed participants valued immediate consumption more than the Singaporean-primed participants. Strong support of cultural differences in time orientation comes from an impressive study by Wang et al. (2009). They surveyed over 5000 university students in 45 countries and compared them on time orientation. They found, for instance, that students culmination from what they call long-term orientation cultures were also more likely to postpone immediate satisfaction and wait for bigger rewards later.Ayoun and Moreo (2009) used a survey method to investigate the influence of time orientation on the strategic behaviour of hotel managers. A questionnaire was posted to top-level hotel managers in the USA and Thailand. Compared to US managers, Thai managers were found to place a stronger emphasis on longer-term strate gic plans and a stronger reliance on long-term evaluation of strategy. heathenish differences in time orientation also seem to relate to everyday behaviours.Levine and Norenzayan (1999) measured how fast people walked a 60-foot distance in downtown areas in major cities, the speed of a visit to a post office, and the accuracy of clocks in 31 countries. They found that life pace, as indicated by the activities they measured, was quickest in countries like Switzerland, Ireland and Germany and slowest in Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, and Syria. The last three studies are natural experiments and, in effect, observational studies. Their findings should, therefore, be interpreted with caution as no confident causal statements can be made in the absence of adequate extraneous variables.

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Contract law - Essay ExampleThe courts will decide on the amount of change and other penalties that the defendant will have to incur in return for the breach of contract.Bobs remedy is to exhaust all extra judicial means to collect the remaining 4,000 pounds that was offered by Arthur and authentic by Bob. If the extra judicial means are not successful, then Bob arouse cross-file civil charges for the collection of the remaining 4,000 pounds. Since the offer of Arthur to give the additional 4,000 pounds is accepted by Bob, there is a new contract that supersedes the prior contract. The prior contract is that ArthurWill pay Bob 25,000 pounds if Bob finishes the touch job on Arthurs aunts house on the first week of declination 2005. The contract is now 29,000 pounds and the new deadline is Dec 25, 2005. Bob has accomplished his part of the contract, now he can ask the courts to force Arthur to pay him the balance of $4,000 pounds.Bob should NOT pay the remaining 2,000 pounds to E ric. Bob does not have to pay the balance of 2,000 pounds to Eric because the law states since Bob did his part of the contract by paying by end of November, then Eric must do his part by collecting just his offer by receiving only the 3,000 pounds if payment was done within November. It is true that one of the requirements of a valid contract is the take over of the party being offered a contract. In this case, because Bob admitted that due to financial difficulty he couldnt pay the 5,000 pounds to Eric within November 2005, Eric offered a contract to reduce the amount he will receive to only 3,000 pounds.Bob accepted the offer of Eric by his ACTION of paying his liability within the time stop offered by Eric. Therefore now that Bob has done his part, Bob demands that it is Erics turn to push through with his contract offer to receive only 3,000 pounds. One reason for Bobs paying on time is because of

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The modern cat management approach - Essay ExampleFormal send off management techniques were developed in ground forces in the 1960s as part of the early missile programmes. These techniques have since been used in almost every(prenominal) area of society, from government agencies to non-profit organisations, and from engineering companies to service industries (Wikipedia).The early project management phase began in the fifties in the get together States where, from an ad-hoc-basis use of Gantt Charts and informal techniques and tools, it graduated to the use of two mathematical project management models cognize as (1) the Program Evaluation and Review Technique or PERT, developed as part of the United States Navys Polaris missile submarine programme and (2) the Critical Path Method (CPM) developed in a joint venture by both DuPont Corporation and Remington Rand Corporation for managing plant maintenance projects. These mathematical techniques readily spread into many private enterprises. In 1969, the Project Management Institute (PMI) was established to help the project management industry to perform better. The PMI has been of the view that the tools and techniques of project management are common for all applications in projects from the software industry to the traditional construction industry. In 1981, the PMI brought out The Guide to the Project Management eubstance of Knowledge, containing the standards and guidelines of practice that are widely used throughout the profession (Wikipedia).Generally, project management is distinguished from the commonplace management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project. A project organisation will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished. According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of project management can be defined as follows Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the vivification of a proje ct by

Assignment 1 Career Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 1 C atomic number 18er Research composition - Essay ExampleThe report will hereby contain detailed information or so a particular field, wherein I basis focus to develop my career in accordance with my acquired knowledge and skills. discussion section 1 Occupational Research The research is based on the opportunities of a graduate student acquiring the knowledge of business and administration. This research has been chaired with the assistance of primary along with secondary sources. For carrying on the research deal relating to the profession of an assistant team leader, first of all the employment news and the websites of the companies providing job opportunities have been followed. It can be viewed that the unemployment rate in the United Kingdom remained much stable at 7.70% from July 2013 till terrible 2013. This statistical data represents the number of people looking for a job in the UK (Trading Economics, 2013). The current data of the employment rate will provide an opportunity for applying to various companies, wherein desired jobs can be obtained. During the conduct of the research concerning employment scope for the graduates, it can be apparently viewed that the Careers and Employability Centre has been providing various counselling sessions about the process of direct job hunting (McBride, 2013). In this regard, Carolyn McBride, one of the famous career advisors of the UK is involved in arranging various workshops and presentations in order to identify the employability opportunities as per acquired skills along with knowledge. The workshops provided the individuals with an opportunity to develop their individual skills along with knowledge in a more interactive way. Moreover, various career prospective link up programs especially for the graduate students have been made available such as retail managers, public relations and sales managers among others. These programs advise the participants, seeking for jobs to follow the we bsites relating to job search (McBride, 2013). Section 2 Main Findings From the bring of the aforesaid research, it can be affirmed that there are ample chances for the graduate students to work at heart a company as an assistant team leader. The study of business administration offers an all dilate study along with delivers ample opportunities of building brighter career (London School of Business & Finance, 2013). In the UK, there are many people who seek for jobs after the completion of their studies. Also, there has been a growing trend of the enlisting of the graduates possessing ample knowledge in the field of business and administration.

Denver Art Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denver Art Museum - experiment ExampleWithin the scenario of Asian artistry, the falconer on Horseback, displayed at the Denver Art Museum, reveals the growth and victimization of art in China. This artwork is completed by an unknown artist. Besides, this artwork represents the development of art during the tower of Tang dynasty in 700 A.D. Thesis statement The opthalmic analysis of the work of art named as Falconer on Horseback proves that the same is symbolic of the rich artistic tradition of China, especially during the Tang dynasty. visual Analysis In the art work, the Falconer on Horseback (See appendix-1), the artist provides ample importance to the visual elements. For instance, the artist does not make use of primary colors. Instead, mixture of primary colors is used by the artist to inculcate visual beauty to the art work. One can see that orange, green, black, and mixture of bone white and light brownish are the dominant colors in the art work. For instance, green pr ovides culture to the falcon in the art work. On the other side, mixture of ivory white and light brown is used by the artist to project the body of the horse and the falconers head. Besides, the falconer is dressed to the nines(p) in orange and green robe. So the combination of primary colors provides visual beauty to the art work.

Feasibility study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Feasibility study - Research Paper ExampleThe in the raw crinkle sector impale will be called Pizzeria Inn. It will be located at the northern Mexico. The new industry will, therefore, feature Dine in, Take Out and also Delivery services.Most economists and researchers agree that entrepreneurship is adept of the significant ingredients for stimulating economic growth as well as offering job opportunities to the idle members of all the societies. According to Jacksack & Start (2003), globally, successful SMEs have become the primary engines of job creation and mendicancy reduction in the marginalized communities. As a patronage entrepreneur, a business plan is the only dick which can help the small business expand. It is the road map an entrepreneur needs to follow in order to realize the set goals and objectives. It is, therefore, the initial step to a successful business gage. Any business entrepreneur should, therefore, provide a business plan which acts as a guide to the whole business process. The paper, therefore, endeavors to conduct a business plan for New Antoniou Pizzeria.The new business venture will backside the middle income pizza in Sparks. Pizza inn is thought to be conveniently accessible to oer 90,000 targeted market consumers in this region. This includes one of the most attractive market opportunities for this venture. The competitive analysis of the business venture has identified significant market place gaps to serve as the base for the industries competitive advantage.This business venture would help Mexican middle class residents around the beach as well as utmost residents who come to the beach to benefit from low priced delicious dishes which maybe could not have afforded from other commodious restaurants. It would also help other entrepreneurs to venture in innovative business ventures hence gain the managerial and entrepreneurial skills needed to run such